Figure 1
From: The utilisation of health research in policy-making: concepts, examples and methods of assessment
The Place of Policy-Making in the Stages of Assessment of Research Utilisation and Final Outcomes.
Key:
Direct lines within the flow or feedback 
Indirect lines of communication 
Primary Outputs – Publications, trained researchers
Secondary Outputs – Policies from national, local and professional bodies
Final Outcomes – Health and equity gains, cost-effectiveness and economic benefits
Source: Adapted from S Hanney, S Kuruvilla: HRSPA Project 4: Utilisation of research to inform policy, practice and public understanding and improve health and health equity. WHO/Wellcome Trust Technical Workshop. London, January 2002; and S Hanney et al 2000, Evaluation, 6, published by Sage [29].