Country | Reforms of focus | Methodological approach |
---|---|---|
Costa Rica | • Phased extension since 1940 of mandatory insurance coverage, through the social security fund (Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social: CCSS), to the entire population, beginning with formal-sector employees in urban areas, then to rural employees, and then to the self-employed and the poor (with government paying the contribution for the poor from tax funds) | • Qualitative study using document reviews, key-informant interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) |
• Historical lens applied | ||
• Used actor mapping framework | ||
• Used policy analysis triangle framework | ||
• Bringing hospitals under the control of the mandatory insurance scheme and improving primary health care services |  | |
Georgia | • Providing insurance coverage for the poor, using government funds to pay private health insurance scheme contributions (Medical Insurance for the Poor (MIP) program) | • Mixed methods: analysis of secondary national household survey data and primary qualitative data collection and analysis (key-informant interviews and FGDs) |
India | • Providing insurance coverage for the poor, using government funds to pay contributions to health insurance schemes (public or private) (Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana: RSBY initiative) | • Mixed methods: household survey of beneficiary households; and key-informant interviews and FGDs |
Malawi | • Contracting (establishing Service Level Agreements - SLAs) with faith-based providers to provide health services free of charge to vulnerable populations, particularly for maternal and neonatal services | • Case study design (facility-based SLA as the unit of analysis) |
• Mixed methods: exit survey and key-informant interviews | ||
Nigeria | • Efforts to extend coverage of the National Health Insurance Scheme from the initial target membership of Federal civil servants to State civil servants | • Case study design (state as the unit of analysis) |
• Qualitative study using document review and key-informant interviews | ||
Tanzania | • Transfer of management of district level community-based voluntary health insurance schemes (Community Health Fund: CHF) to the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF), a mandatory scheme initially established for civil servants but now open to other formal-sector workers | • Case study design (district as the unit of analysis) |
• Mixed methods: key-informant interviews and focus group discussions; review of facility financial and utilisation records | ||
Thailand | • Phased extension of mandatory insurance coverage to entire population | • Case study design (policy design feature as the unit of analysis) |
• Qualitative study using key-informant interviews and document reviews | ||
• Used policy analysis triangle framework | ||
• Used policy network approach |