Item codes* | WHO Framework domain | Current policies | Desired policies | Current research | Desired research |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Items (policy or research topics) | |||||
Rational Selection and Use of Medicines | |||||
1f | Clinical treatment guidelines, and essential medicines list: development; incentives for implementation; operational mechanisms; standardization (including between private and public sectors) | 17.7 | 12.4 | 9.8 | 9.8 |
1i | Pharmacovigilance, information on adverse drug reaction, and other problems related to medicines | 10.1 | 8.0 | 6.9 | 7.6 |
1e | Staff capacity for rational prescription and use of medicines; training curriculum | 7.1 | 11.5 | 3.0 | 9.3 |
1d | Impact of advertisements on medicines; incentives (or lack of, leading to private or dual practice); medicines becoming a source in financing for health services | 3.3 | 7.3 | 5.1 | 7.0 |
Pricing/Affordability | |||||
2g | Policy and regulation for medicines price | 11.4 | 10.9 | 5.7 | 9.4 |
2f | Impact of prices on access | 8.2 | 8.0 | 8.3 | 11.0 |
2a | High out-of-pocket payment | 7.6 | 9.1 | 5.3 | 8.8 |
2l | Budget allocation to health | 9.4 | 6.0 | 4.6 | 4.3 |
2i | Patents and intellectual property issues | 6.4 | 3.9 | 7.1 | 5.6 |
Reliable Health System/Health System Structure | |||||
3j | Availability of medicines (especially in public sector) | 8.8 | 6.3 | 8.3 | 7.2 |
3a | Geographical accessibility: physical barriers; distance to facilities; remoteness (combination of physical barriers and infrastructure weakness) | 10.2 | 8.8 | 3.9 | 6.6 |
3k | Quality assurance | 6.8 | 6.8 | 4.0 | 8.6 |
3b | Distribution systems and supply chains | 8.5 | 7.9 | 3.9 | 5.3 |
3f | Staff and technical capacity: for supply management; with managerial, interpersonal and information technology (IT) skills, with local language skills (English) | 5.1 | 6.8 | 1.8 | 5.3 |
3c | Pharmaceutical services at local level | 4.7 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 2.4 |
Sustainable Financing | |||||
4m | Budget allocation to health | 10.7 | 10.7 | 7.2 | 8.7 |
4e | Health insurance coverage and models | 9.4 | 10.7 | 7.4 | 8.9 |
4f | Government budgets for medicines | 10.8 | 11.0 | 5.4 | 7.8 |
4h | Cost containment policies | 6.9 | 9.1 | 5.1 | 10.4 |