Table 5 Determinants of catastrophic health payment

Village-level variables

Village deprivation (Quartile)

<0.001*

<0.001*

<0.001*

2nd vs. Lowest deprived

0.89 (0.68-1.17)

1.24 (0.83-1.85)

1.19 (0.73-1.96)

3rd vs. Lowest deprived

0.41 (0.31-0.54)

0.67 (0.45-0.99)

0.64 (0.40-1.04)

Highest vs. Lowest deprived

0.28 (0.21-0.38)

0.41 (0.27-0.62)

0.39 (0.24-0.64)

Availability of health clinic

0.866

0.34

0.291

Yes vs. No

0.98 (0.81-1.17)

1.14 (0.87-1.5)

1.21 (0.85-1.70)

Household-level variables

Household per capita income (Quartile)

<0.001*

<0.001*

<0.001*

2nd vs. Lowest

0.33 (0.27-0.41)

0.34 (0.26-0.45)

0.33 (0.25-0.44)

3rd vs. Lowest

0.12 (0.09-0.16)

0.12 (0.09-0.17)

0.12 (0.08-0.16)

Highest vs. Lowest

0.04 (0.03-0.07)

0.04 (0.02-0.06)

0.04 (0.02-0.06)

Serious chronic illness proportion

<0.001*

<0.001*

<0.001*

≤0.5 vs.0

6.15 (5.01-7.57)

4.11 (3.2-5.29)

4.19 (3.24-5.42)

>0.5 vs.0

14.93 (11.04-20.18)

8.71 (5.99-12.68)

8.99(6.11-13.22)

Member hospitalization

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

Yes vs. No

5.12 (4.2-6.25)

5.68 (4.33-7.46)

5.79 (4.39-7.63)

Household size

<0.001*

0.002*

0.003*

4-6 vs. ≤3

0.76 (0.63-0.91)

0.63 (0.49-0.82)

0.64 (0.49-0.83)

>6 vs. ≤3

1.66 (0.79-3.51)

0.57 (0.22-1.47)

0.54 (0.20-1.43)

Proportion of members aged over 65

<0.001*

<0.001*

<0.001*

≤0.5 vs.0

2.45 (1.96-3.05)

1.41 (1.05-1.89)

1.44 (1.06-1.94)

>0.5 vs.0

6.13 (4.64-8.11)

2.48 (1.67-3.7)

2.62 (1.74-3.94)

Occupation of household head

<0.001

0.008

0.013

Non-farmer vs. Farmer

0.42 (0.27-0.65)

0.76 (0.45-1.27)

0.75 (0.44-1.28)

Unemployed vs. Farmer

6.51 (4.81-8.81)

1.81 (1.2-2.73)

1.77 (1.16-2.70)

Intraclass correlation(ICC)

0.05