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Table 3 Rural health centre service utilization by disadvantaged groups in contracted out and control catchments

From: Can contracted out health facilities improve access, equity, and quality of maternal and newborn health services? Evidence from Pakistan

Service utilization

Contracted out

Control

P value

n (%)

n (%)

Antenatal care (nā€‰=ā€‰357)

Illiterate

134 (64.1)

133 (89.9)

<0.001

Literate

75 (35.9)

15 (10.1)

Distance >5Ā km

130 (62.2)

68 (45.9)

<0.01

Distance <5Ā km

79 (37.8)

80 (54.1)

SES tertile I

88 (42.1)

34 (23.0)

<0.001

SES tertile II

52 (24.9)

86 (58.1)

SES tertile III

69 (33.0)

28 (18.9)

Facility-based births (n =111)

Illiterate

54 (66.7)

25 (83.3)

0.10

Literate

27 (33.3)

5 (16.7)

Distance >5Ā km

35 (43.2)

9 (30.0)

0.27

Distance <5Ā km

46 (56.8)

21 (70.0)

SES tertile I

30 (37.0)

9 (30.0)

0.41

SES tertile II

24 (29.6)

13 (43.3)

SES tertile III

27 (33.3)

8 (26.7)

  1. SES Socioeconomic status.