Table 1 Access to comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care facilities
Categories | Household survey | Facility exit survey | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 690) | Total (n = 309) | |||||
Total | Within 5 km from hospital | More than 5 km from hospital | Total | Within 5 km from hospital | More than 5 km from hospital | |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
Travel time to public facility, hours | ||||||
≤1/3 | 68 (38) | 50 (54) | 18 (21) | 92 (30) | 72 (48) | 20 (13) |
1/3–1 | 96 (53) | 36 (39) | 60 (68) | 178 (58) | 76 (51) | 102 (64) |
>1 | 16 (9) | 6 (7) | 10 (11) | 39 (12) | 2 (1) | 37 (23) |
Travel time to private facility, hours | ||||||
≤1/3 | 152 (36) | 93 (56) | 59 (23) | |||
1/3–1 | 232 (56) | 69 (41) | 163 (64) | |||
>1 | 36 (8) | 5 (3) | 31 (12) | |||
Out-of-pocket expense to travel to public health facility | ||||||
Yes | 147 (82) | 80 (87) | 67 (76) | 253 (82) | 106 (71) | 147 (93) |
No | 33 (18) | 12 (13) | 13 (24) | 56 (18) | 44 (29) | 12 (7) |
Amount of out-of-pocket expense to travel to public health facility, PKR | ||||||
<100 | 31 (22) | 26 (33) | 5 (8) | 140 (55) | 74 (70) | 66 (45) |
100–500 | 54 (37) | 38 (48) | 16 (24) | 101 (40) | 32 (30) | 69 (47) |
>500 | 62 (42) | 16 (19) | 46 (68) | 12 (5) | 0 (0) | 12 (8) |
Out-of-pocket expense to travel to private health facility | ||||||
Yes | 403 (96) | 163 (98) | 240 (95) | |||
No | 17 (4) | 4 (2) | 13 (5) | |||
Amount of out-of-pocket expense to travel to private health facility, PKR | ||||||
<100 | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | |||
100–500 | 12 (3) | 4 (3) | 8 (3) | |||
>500 | 390 (97) | 159 (97) | 231 (96) | |||
Were travel costs to public facility affordable? | ||||||
Yes | 66 (45) | 41 (51) | 25 (37) | 112 (44) | 61 (58) | 51 (35) |
No | 81 (55) | 39 (49) | 42 (63) | 141 (56) | 45 (42) | 96 (65) |
How did you manage travel costs (public sector user)? | ||||||
Sold asset | 21 (14) | 11 (14) | 10 (15) | 2 (1) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) |
Took loan | 51 (35) | 26 (33) | 25 (37) | 59 (42) | 16 (36) | 43 (45) |
Charity from relatives | 16 (11) | 7 (9) | 9 (13) | 43 (30) | 17 (38) | 26 (27) |
Other | 59 (40) | 36 (44) | 23 (35) | 37 (26) | 11 (24) | 26 (27) |
Were travel costs to private facility affordable? | ||||||
Yes | 121 (29) | 45 (27) | 76 (30) | |||
No | 299 (71) | 122 (73) | 177 (70) | |||
How did you manage travel costs (private sector user) | ||||||
Sold asset | 9 (3) | 5 (4) | 4 (2) | |||
Took loan | 190 (64) | 62 (51) | 128 (72) | |||
Charity from relatives | 2 (1) | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | |||
Other | 98 (33) | 53 (43) | 45 (26) | |||