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Table 2 Types of collaboration held with Spanish scientific institutions

From: An analysis of national collaboration with Spanish researchers abroad in the health sciences

Types of collaboration

Social and Legal Sciences and Humanities

Sciences

Health Sciences

Engineering and Architecture

Elaborating joint publications

38.5%

25%

13.6%

11.8%

Applying for patents

0%

1.5%

1.1%

0%

Implementing joint research projects

46.2%

22.7%

23.9%

11.8%

Attending conferences

53.8%

22%

14.8%

8.8%

Obtaining research contracts

15.4%

6.1%

0%

8.8%

Execution/tutoring of PhD theses

15.4%

11.5%

5.7%

5.9%

Consultancy jobs

7.7%

3%

3.4%

0%

Informal contacts/business placements

7.7%

3.8%

3.4%

5.9%

Participation in networks by electronic means

7.7%

9.9%

3.4%

2.9%

Spin-off creation

7.7%

0%

1.1%

2.9%

Employee training

7.7%

5.3%

2.3%

0%

Funding procurement for the Spanish institutions

14.3%

1.5%

8.0%

5.9%

Creation of new or improved products or processes

0%

0.8%

1.1%

0%

Influence in socio-political changes

0%

0%

1.1%

0%

Recruiting of researchers for scientific institutions in Spain

15.4%

2.3%

0%

2.9%