Netherlands | Hungary | Germany | Spain | United Kingdom | Total | Kruskal–Wallis test | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Statements | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | P value |
‘Incremental costs’ means by how much the studied intervention itself costs more or less than the comparator intervention | 28 | 4.79 (1.93) | 10 | 6.60 (0.52) | 13 | 5.62 (1.12) | 16 | 6.25 (0.78) | 14 | 3.71 (1.86) | 81 | 5.25 (1.76) | <10–3 |
When an intervention in itself is cheap, it is always cost-effective compared to another intervention | 28 | 1.96 (1.40) | 16 | 1.50 (1.42) | 17 | 1.94 (1.75) | 18 | 2.28 (2.02) | 14 | 1.57 (0.76) | 93 | 1.88 (1.53) | 0.35 |
‘Willingness to pay’ means how much a society is willing to pay for a quality-adjusted life year | 28 | 4.86 (1.88) | 11 | 4.45 (2.07) | 14 | 3.71 (1.82) | 13 | 4.92 (1.89) | 14 | 3.86 (1.46) | 80 | 4.44 (1.86) | 0.14 |
My intervention can be cost-effective compared to another intervention, even when its societal costs are higher than the regular care | 28 | 5.82 (1.63) | 15 | 4.93 (2.60) | 17 | 5.18 (1.82) | 17 | 5.76 (1.44) | 14 | 4.86 (1.79) | 91 | 5.40 (1.83) | 0.23 |
From a healthcare payer perspective indirect costs in full (such as productivity losses) are included | 28 | 3.36 (2.41) | 15 | 2.40 (1.81) | 16 | 2.63 (2.06) | 14 | 2.86 (1.99) | 12 | 3.75 (1.87) | 85 | 3.02 (2.11) | 0.28 |