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Table 2 Awareness of stakeholders about basic health economic principles; level of agreement with statements by country (scale responses: 1 = strongly disagree; 7 = strongly agree)

From: Similarities and differences between stakeholders’ opinions on using Health Technology Assessment (HTA) information across five European countries: results from the EQUIPT survey

 

Netherlands

Hungary

Germany

Spain

United Kingdom

Total

Kruskal–Wallis test

Statements

n

Mean (SD)

n

Mean (SD)

n

Mean (SD)

n

Mean (SD)

n

Mean (SD)

n

Mean (SD)

P value

‘Incremental costs’ means by how much the studied intervention itself costs more or less than the comparator intervention

28

4.79 (1.93)

10

6.60 (0.52)

13

5.62 (1.12)

16

6.25 (0.78)

14

3.71 (1.86)

81

5.25 (1.76)

<10–3

When an intervention in itself is cheap, it is always cost-effective compared to another intervention

28

1.96 (1.40)

16

1.50 (1.42)

17

1.94 (1.75)

18

2.28 (2.02)

14

1.57 (0.76)

93

1.88 (1.53)

0.35

‘Willingness to pay’ means how much a society is willing to pay for a quality-adjusted life year

28

4.86 (1.88)

11

4.45 (2.07)

14

3.71 (1.82)

13

4.92 (1.89)

14

3.86 (1.46)

80

4.44 (1.86)

0.14

My intervention can be cost-effective compared to another intervention, even when its societal costs are higher than the regular care

28

5.82 (1.63)

15

4.93 (2.60)

17

5.18 (1.82)

17

5.76 (1.44)

14

4.86 (1.79)

91

5.40 (1.83)

0.23

From a healthcare payer perspective indirect costs in full (such as productivity losses) are included

28

3.36 (2.41)

15

2.40 (1.81)

16

2.63 (2.06)

14

2.86 (1.99)

12

3.75 (1.87)

85

3.02 (2.11)

0.28

  1. SD, Standard deviation