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Table 1 Comparing pathway modifications: changes and adaptions made to diagnostic pathways

From: The researchers’ role in knowledge translation: a realist evaluation of the development and implementation of diagnostic pathways for cancer in two United Kingdom localities

Site 1

Site 2

Lung

• Remove minimum time threshold for referral

• Introduction of RATs as reference tool

• For persistent high risk symptoms OR suspicious CXR patient referred simultaneously to 2-week wait pathway 2WW clinic AND CT scan 2WW

• Formal use of RATs alongside existing national NICE guidelines including a recommended risk assessment threshold of 2%

• Option to do 2WW and simultaneous CXR for highly suspicious symptoms

• Radiology given initiative to initiate 2WW referral and CT scan following suspicious CXR

Pancreas

• RAT introduced as reference tool

• Built on previous pilot by secondary care trust

• Splits jaundice into a separate pathway (recognition of high risk)

• Fast track for jaundice and suspicion of cancer

• Simultaneous referral for CT and 2WW on non-jaundice pathway for high risk symptoms

• Fast track route in for GP generated ultrasound referrals w/suspicion of malignancy

• Formal use of RAT and threshold score for 2WW

• High risk symptoms go direct to CT scan followed by consultant review

• Below national NICE guidance and RAT threshold consider abdominal US scan, if suspicious into 2WW

Colorectal

• No change to national NICE guidelines

• Formal introduction of RAT with lower threshold than national NICE guidelines

• For high risk symptoms and patients that meet the safety criteria GPs given a direct access to colonoscopy option

  1. 2WW 2-week wait referral pathway, CT computed tomography scan, CXR chest X-ray, GP general practitioner, NICE National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, RAT risk assessment tool, US ultrasound