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Table 3 Steps of the analysis process

From: Elements for harnessing participatory action research to strengthen health managers’ capacity: a critical interpretative synthesis

Synthetic constructs

Number of papers

Synthesising argument

Domain

Involved, individual interest, motivation, common gaps, common purpose

7

A shared purpose

Individual motivation

Focus on individual managers’ capacity development

Problem:

A shared purpose

Stretching of participants’ capacity, focus on participants’ unique needs, mix of participants, cultivate trust in groups, encouraging group bounding, promote new insights, promote questioning and new insights, reflection, confidence, demystification of myths

Open discussions, open and free learning, supporting each other, linkages and networks, learning within groups, no fear

8

Tailored facilitation, group management, pragmatism, meeting preparations, reflective thinking, promoting self-efficacy

Non-threatening environment, social capital, heterogonous learning groups, confidentiality

Intervention:

Skilled facilitation and social psychological safety

Locally coordinated, local monitoring, ensure regular attendance, documentation, stability, managers competing demands, sustaining PAR processes, sustaining learning, in sync with usual work

Local ownership, use of local operational procedures, mainstreaming, usual duties, managing project demands, overburdened health managers, documentation demands

6

Local champions

Local monitoring

Sustaining learning Quality control

Integration

Work balancing

Adoption system: Activity integration

Adaption, reallocation of resources, flexible resource basket, challenging status quo

Senior management support and commitment, favourable atmosphere, empowering subordinates

6

Organisational flexibility

Senior management support

Health system characteristics:

organisational support

Quality control, monitoring, external partners, supporting local facilitators, promoting learning, regular monitoring, developing local capacity, partnerships

7

Promoting learning

Quality control

Developing local capacity and linkages

Broader context:

External monitoring