Table 1 Overview of methodology, methods and participants included in country studies
From: Gendered health systems: evidence from low- and middle-income countries
Title | Location | Study design and methods | Data sources | Participants | Analysis approach |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Human Resources | |||||
 Women and Leadership within the Cambodia Health Sector | Battambang province, Cambodia | Qualitative, life history interviews | In-depth interviews (N = 20) | Health managers (14 F, 6 M) | Thematic analysis |
 Gender Mainstreaming in the Posting and Deployment of Health Workers in Zimbabwe | Midlands province, Zimbabwe | Cross-sectional mixed-methods design; Life history interviews | Policy and documentreview | National Gender Policy, Public Service Regulations, Manpower Development Plan | Thematic analysis using a framework approach |
In-depth interviews (N = 30) | Health workers (nurses, midwives and environmental health technicians), N = 19 (8 M, 11 F) Human resource officers/managers N = 11 (6 M, 5F) | ||||
 Exploring Gendered Experiences of Community Health Workers Using Photovoice in Rural Wakiso District, Uganda | Wakiso district, Uganda | Qualitative community-based participatory approach using photovoice | Discussions during meetings around photographs | Community health workers, N = 10 (5 F, 5 M) | Conventional content analysis using Atlas ti version 6.0.15 |
Service Delivery | |||||
 Why are Maternal Health Outcomes Worse for Migrant Women in Masindi, Uganda? | Nyantonzi Parish, Masindi district, western Uganda | Qualitative | FGDs (N = 5) | Migrant women who have recently given birth Migrant pregnant women Spouses of migrant women whose wives were pregnant Spouses of migrant women whose wives recently gave birth | Thematic analysis using NVIVO |
 Are the Women of Indian Sundarbans Living in the Dark? An Intersectional Analysis of Eye Health Care Seeking Among the Elderly | Indian Sundarbans, eastern Indian state of West Bengal | Mixed methods | Survey (N = 422) | Visually impaired elderly (174 M/268 F) | Quantitative data were analysed using STATA 11 and qualitative data analysed thematically using NVIVO 10 |
In-depth interviews (N = 24) | Visually impaired elderly men and women (12 M/12 F) | ||||
 Gender Analysis of Family Care for Elderly: Evidence from Beijing, China | Beijing, China | Cross-sectional mixed methods study | Survey (N = 924) | Elderly (458 M, 466 F) | Analysed using SPSS 19, using Mann–Whitney U test; descriptive analysis; binary logistic regression |
In-depth interviews (N = 18) | Households with elders and one of their children (9 M/9 F) | ||||
 Strengthening Male Involvement in Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Enugu State, Nigeria | Enugu state, Nigeria | Qualitative | Document review | Journal articles, Research reports, Nigerian policy documents on national guidelines on PMTCT and integrated national guidelines for HIV prevention, treatment and care, Global reports on PMTCT strategic vision | Thematic content analysis using NVIVO 11 |
In-depth interviews (N = 30) | Women and their male partners, N = 18 (9 F, 9 M) Health workers (doctors, nurses, pharmacists), N = 12 (4 M/8 F) | ||||
FGDs (N = 4) | Support groups (2 F, 2 M) FGD participants = 30, FGD F Enugu = 8, FGD F Nsukka = 8, FGD M Enugu = 6, FGD M Nsukka = 8 | ||||
Financing and Governance | |||||
 Male Involvement in the National Health Insurance Fund/Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau Prepaid Insurance Card for Pregnant Women in Pangani District, Tanzania | Pangani district,Tanzania | Qualitative | In-depth interviews (N = 6) | Male partners who re-enrolled/did not re-enroll | Thematic analysis |
FGDs (N = 5) | Female partners who re-enrolled/did not re-enroll, N = 3 (31 participants) Community health workers, N = 2 (4 M/7 F) | ||||
Group discussions (N = 8) | Healthcare providers, N = 5 (4 with female nurses and 1 with female nurses and one male nurse) (10 F, 1 M) Managerial teams, N = 3), (7F, 5 M) | ||||
 Mainstreaming Gender into PMTCT Guidelines in Tanzania | TANZANIA | Qualitative | Policy/ document review | Five PMTCT policy/strategy documents | Content analysis Thematic analysis |
Key informant interviews | Leaders of the health facilities and heads of reproductive and child health units involved in PMTCT (N = 26) | ||||