Table 3 Included frameworks and common themes (showing the elements identified in the frameworks and the themes derived from them by the authors)
Name | Theme identified | 1. RAPID | 2. KPP | 3. SPIRIT | 4. Country-level assessment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Key publication | Â | Overseas Development Institute, 2004 [116] | Jones et al., 2009 [114] | Redman et al., 2015 [117] | Lavis et al., 2006 [115] |
Elements | Political context | Political context: politics and institutions | Political context | Policy influences | General climate |
External influences | External influences: socio-economic and cultural influences, donor policies | Sectoral dynamics | Â | ||
Actors |  | Actors’ interests, values and beliefs |  | ||
Evidence | Evidence: credibility and communication | Types of knowledge | Reservoir of relevant and reliable research | Production of research | |
| Â | Â | Research use: conceptual, instrumental, tactical and imposed fashions and to support policy agenda-setting, policy development, implementation or evaluation | Evaluation | ||
| Â | Â | Â | Efforts to facilitate user pull (Analysis: also partly in theme Catalysts) | ||
Intermediaries and links | Links: influence and legitimacy Media, advocacy, networking | Knowledge intermediaries | Â | Exchange efforts | |
Capacity | Capacity-building | Capacity | Push efforts | ||
| Â | Research engagement action: Agency to access and appraise research findings, commission or undertake research to generate new findings, or interact with researchers | User-pull efforts | |||
Catalysts | Â | Â | Catalysts: occurs to initiate the process of engaging with or using research | Efforts to facilitate user pull (Analysis: also partly in themes Evidence and Intermediaries and links) | |
Other frameworks | Â | Innovative frameworks (embed within an understanding of the broader system in which they work, and the relationship between the supply of and demand for knowledge on development policy issues) | Â | Â |