Table 1 Methodological quality ratings of included studies
Included paper | Study design | Type of study | Sampling | Type of data | Type of analysis | Sa (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjorlolo, Abdul-Nasiru [32] | Cross-sectional | Quantitative | Not reported | Questionnaire | Inferential statistics | 90 |
Ae-Ngibise, Cooper [45] | Not reported | Qualitative | Purposive | IDIs and FGD | Thematic analysis | 75 |
Ae-Ngibise, Adiibokah [42] | Longitudinal | Mixed methods | IDIs and review | Not reported | Thematic analysis | 60 |
Agyapong, Farren [47] | Cross-sectional | Mixed methods | Questionnaire | Purposive | Descriptive and inferential statistics | 73 |
Agyapong, Osei [56] | Cross-sectional | Mixed methods | Questionnaire | Purposive | Descriptive and inferential statistics | 77 |
Agyapong, Osei [31] | Cross-sectional | Mixed methods | Questionnaire | Purposive | Descriptive and inferential statistics | 77 |
Agyapong, Osei [51] | Cross-sectional | Mixed methods | Questionnaire and IDIs | Purposive | Descriptive statistics and Thematic content analysis | 77 |
Agyapong, Osei [48] | Cross-sectional | Mixed methods | Questionnaire | Purposive | Descriptive and inferential statistics | 63.6 |
Akpalu, Lund [55] | Cross-sectional | Mixed methods | IDIs and WHO Assessment Instrument | Purposive | Thematic analysis | 73 |
Appiah-Poku, Laugharne [58] | Not reported | Quantitative | Questionnaire | Not reported | Not reported | 81 |
Arias, Taylor [59] | Not reported | Qualitative | IDIs | Purposive | Constant comparative | 75 |
Asamoah, Osafo [44] | Not reported | Qualitative | IDIs | Not reported | Thematic analysis | 75 |
Awenva, Read [30] | Not reported | Mixed methods | IDIs, FGD and WHO Assessment Instrument | Not reported | Thematic analysis | 73 |
Bhana, Petersen [46] | Not reported | Mixed methods | IDIs, FGD and WHO Assessment Instrument | Not reported | Thematic analysis | 73 |
Bird, Omar [29] | Not reported | Qualitative | IDIs | Purposive | Thematic analysis | 75 |
Canavan, Sipsma [49] | Not reported | Quantitative | Document review | Not reported | Descriptive and inferential statistics | 63.6 |
Cohen, Raja [43] | Not reported | Qualitative | Participatory - Observations, field notes taking | Not reported | Not reported | 87.5 |
de Menil, Osei [60] | Cross-sectional | Quantitative | Questionnaire | Random, stratified and purposive | Descriptive and inferential statistics | 100 |
Doku, Ofori-Atta [41] | Not reported | Qualitative | IDIs and FGD | Purposive | Thematic analysis | 100 |
Gyamfi, Hegadoren [61] | Descriptive | Qualitative | In-depth interview | Not reported | Thematic analysis | 75 |
Ibrahim, Hor [62] | Cross-sectional | Quantitative | Questionnaire | Purposive | Descriptive and inferential statistics | 90.9 |
Jack, Canavan [36] | Not reported | Qualitative | IDIs | Snowballing | Constant comparative | 75 |
Kleintjes, Lund [10] | Not reported | Mixed methods | IDIs, FGD and WHO Assessment Instrument | Purposive | Thematic analysis | 60 |
Kpobi and Swartz [63] | Not reported | Qualitative | IDIs | Snowballing | Thematic analysis | 62.5 |
Kpobi and Swartz [52] | Not reported | Qualitative | IDIs | Snowballing | Thematic analysis | 75 |
Kyei, Dueck [64] | Not reported | Mixed methods | Questionnaire | Random sample | Descriptive and inferential statistics | 63.6 |
Mfoafo-M’Carthy, Sottie [37] | Not reported | Qualitative | Document review | Not reported | Thematic analysis | 45 |
Ofori-Atta, Attafuah [53] | RCT | Quantitative | Questionnaire | Randomisation | Descriptive and inferential statistics | 100 |
Ofori-Atta, Attafuah [35] | Not reported | Mixed methods | IDIs and WHO Assessment Instrument | Purposive | Thematic analysis | 80 |
Opare-Henaku and Utsey [38] | Not reported | Qualitative | IDIs | Not reported | Thematic analysis | 100 |
Oppong, Kretchy [65] | Not reported | Qualitative | IDIs | Convenience | Thematic analysis | 100 |
Osafo [66] | Not reported | Qualitative | Review | Not reported | Synthesis | 20 |
Osafo, Agyapong [67] | Not reported | Qualitative | IDIs | Purposive and Snowballing | Thematic analysis | 75 |
Quinn [33] | Not reported | Qualitative | IDIs | Not reported | Descriptive | 75 |
Raja, Wood [50] | Not reported | Qualitative | IDIs and document review | Purposive | Descriptive statistics and Thematic content analysis | 100 |
Read [57] | Ethnographic | Qualitative | IDIs, FGD and observation | Purposive | Grounded theory approach | 75 |
Read, Adiibokah [54] | Ethnographic | Qualitative | IDIs and FGD | Not reported | Not reported | 100 |
Roberts, Mogan [40] | Not reported | Mixed methods | WHO-AIMS tool and Questionnaire | Purposive | Thematic analysis | 86.6 |
Salifu Yendork, Kpobi [39] | Phenomenological | Qualitative | IDIs, FGD and observation | Purposive, Snowballing and Convenience | Interpretative Phenomenological analyses | 100 |
Stefanovics, He [34] | Exploratory | Qualitative | Questionnaire | Convenience | Descriptive and inferential statistics | 72.7 |
Tawiah, Adongo [68] | Cross-sectional | Mixed methods | IDIs and FGD | Random sample | Descriptive and inferential statistics | 77 |
van der Watt, Nortje [69] | Not reported | Qualitative | FGD | Not reported | Thematic analysis | 100 |