Table 4 Coding schema
Code | Component | Guiding definition |
|---|---|---|
Health Promotion (HP) Goal | Promote population health and reduce health inequities | HP needs to focus “on achieving equity in health reducing differences in current health status and ensuring equal opportunities and resources to enable all people to achieve their fullest health potential” [2] and reducing health inequities through action on the social determinants of health as a clear goal [4] |
HP Action | Ensure community participation | “Health promotion works through concrete and effective community action in setting priorities, making decisions, planning strategies and implementing then to achieve better health” [2] |
HP Action | Develop partnerships and intersectoral collaboration | “Health promotion demands coordinated action by all concerned: by governments, by health and other social and economic sectors, by nongovernmental and voluntary organizations, by local authorities, by industry and by the media” [2] |
HP Action | Reorient health services toward HP | “The role of the health sector must move increasingly in a health promotion direction, beyond its responsibility for providing clinical and curative services” [2] |
HP Strategies building block | HP services (practice) | HP requires the implementation of multiple strategies at multiple levels including: Develop personal skills “Health promotion supports personal and social development through providing information, education for health, and enhancing life skills” [2] Create supportive environments “… refers to both the physical and the social aspects of our surroundings … determines access to resources for living, and opportunities for empowerment … has many dimensions: physical, social, spiritual, economic and political” [7] Build healthy public policy “Healthy public policy is characterized by an explicit concern for health and equity in all areas of policy and by an accountability for health impact” [45] |
Building block | Leadership and governance | Leadership and governance for HP ensures “strategic policy frameworks exist and are combined with effective oversight, coalition building, regulation, attention to system-design and accountability” [34]; this was adapted to include governance for health (HP action of developing partnerships and intersectoral collaboration) and health governance (HP action of reorienting health services) [46] |
Building block | Financing | The provision of adequate funding for all system building blocks for HP in order to achieve the goal of reducing health inequities (adapted definition) |
Building block | Workforce | The presence of an adequate, efficient and responsive workforce with sufficient numbers of trained people (adapted definition) |
Building block | Information | The production, analysis and dissemination of reliable and timely information on health determinants, health status and health system performance [34]; this was adapted to include HP research and evaluation |