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Table 2 Independent variables

From: Study protocol: a mixed-methods study of women’s healthcare in the safety net after Affordable Care Act implementation – EVERYWOMAN

Variable

Description

Individual-level factors

 Age

Date of birth, age categories

 Race

White, American Indian/Alaskan Native, Asian, Black, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, other

 Ethnicity

Hispanic/Latino

 Language

English, Spanish, Russian, Vietnamese, Other

 Marital status

Married, single, divorced, widowed

 Household income

< 100% FPL, 100 ≤ 138% FPL, > 138% FPL

 Comorbidity

Charleson Index/number of chronic conditions

 Mental and behavioural health

Number of mental and behavioural health conditions

 Visit frequency

Number of visits per study year

Contextual/community-level factors – Healthcare services

 Availability of healthcare services

Physician density, Federally Qualified Health Center density, availability of Planned Parenthood or Title X funded family planning clinics

 Provision of gynaecologic care (clinic level)

CPT codes for colposcopy, endometrial biopsy, LEEP, and/or dilation and curettage within the study period

 Provision of paediatric care (clinic level)

Care of patients under age 18

 Provision of prenatal care (clinic level)

CPT codes for prenatal care during the study period

 Provision of obstetric care (clinic level)

Any clinic providers performing obstetric delivery

Contextual/community-level factors – Public policy support

 Receipt of Title X funding

Clinic receipt of Title X funding during the study period

 State Medicaid expansion [49]

Expansion vs. non-expansion states

 1115 Medicaid Waiver

Presence/absence

 Women’s and children’s health policy

Policies supporting maternal and child health

Contextual/community-level factors – Demographic and social compositiona

 Median household income

Geocoded census tract-level median household income (American Community Survey) [50]

 Percent unemployed

Percent unemployed in census tract-level median (American Community Survey) [50]

 Percent living in poverty

Percent living below 100% FPL (American Community Survey) [50]

 Social Deprivation Index

Composite measure of deprivation based on seven demographic characteristics collected in the American Community Survey [51]

  1. FPL federal poverty level, CPT current procedural terminology, LEEP loop electrosurgical excision procedure
  2. aCommunity-level demographic and social composition variables are geocoded and linked to patient clinical data in the ADVANCE research data warehouse using patient address information [43]