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Table 3 Summary of data sources with nutrition-related measures

From: Multisector nutrition gains amidst evidence scarcity: scoping review of policies, data and interventions to reduce child stunting in Afghanistan

  

2004 NNS and earlier

2005–2012

2013 NNS and later

Number of data sources

 

15

12

18

Type of data collection

Primary data collection reports

15

10

13

Secondary data analysis

0

1

4

Use of both primary and secondary data

0

1

1

Geographic representation

National

1

2

4

National and/or Regional

2 (2 regional only)

1

1

National and/or Provincial

0

3

5 (4 single-province/district/urban areas only)

Specific area to programme/facility and/or not representative of any region

10

6

4

Implementers

NGO

11

3

6

Government/CSO

1

4

4

Academic institution/Research organisation (National or Int'l)

3

5

8

Child nutrition-related measures

IYCF

   

Ever breastfed

3

1

2

Early initiation of breastfeeding

3

2

5

Use of pre-lacteal feed

1

0

2

Discarded colostrum

2

0

1

Exclusive breastfeeding

3 m (1); 4 m (2); 6 m (1)

5 m (2); 6 m (2)

5 m (2); 6 m (4)

Complementary foods

6–9 m (4)

6–9 m (4)

6–8 m (4); 6–9 m (1)

Minimum acceptable diet (4+ groups)

0

0

2

Minimum meal frequency

0

1

2

Continued breastfeeding at 1 year

3

1

3

Micronutrients

   

Vitamin A supplementation/deficiency/night blindness

4

6

4

Iodised salts/visible goitre/iodine deficiency disorders

4

3

2

Anaemia/iron deficiency

1

2

1

Zinc deficiency

0

0

1

Vitamin D deficiency

0

1

1

Vitamin C deficiency

1

0

0

Immunisations

   

Measles

4

5

3

Fully immunized

2

2

2

PENTA 3

0

1

1

WASH

   

Safe drinking water

4

4

6

Household water insecurity

1

0

0

Improved sanitation

5

4

7

Handwashing with soap/ash, at key times

1

1

5

Food security

   

Sufficient food last week

1

0

0

Household perception of food security

0

2

0

Dietary diversity

0

1

3

Calorie deficiency

0

1

1

Protein deficiency

0

1

1

Hunger scale

0

0

1

Food insecure population

0

0

2

Households receiving food aid

1

0

0

Households owning garden plot

0

0

3

Acceptable food consumption/diet, coping mechanisms

1

0

2

Childhood illness

   

Diarrhoea in 2 weeks preceding survey

5

4

3

ARI in 2 weeks preceding survey

4

3

2

Other illnesses related to malnutrition or outcomes affected by malnutrition

Pyogenic meningitis (1)

Measles (3)

0

0

Nutrition outcomes

   

MUAC GAM/MAM/SAM

4

1

5

Wasting/MAM/SAM (weight for height <-2 SD)

4

3

3

Underweight (weight for age <-2 SD)

3

2

3

Stunting (height for age <-2 SD)

4

3

3

Overweight (weight for height >+2 SD)

0

0

1

Low birth weight

0

0

1

Sources without nutrition indicators

Qualitative study

0

0

2

Statistical analyses on variables associated with nutrition outcomes

0

0

4

  1. ARI acute respiratory infection, CSO Central Statistics Organization, GAM global acute malnutrition, IYCF infant and young child feeding, m months, MAM moderate acute malnutrition, MUAC mid-upper arm circumference, NGO non-governmental organisation, NNS National Nutrition Survey, PENTA pentavalent vaccine (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenza), SAM severe acute malnutrition, SD standard deviation, WASH water, sanitation, and hygiene