Table 2 Representative definitions of community resilience
Citation/Year | Level | Definition |
|---|---|---|
Process definitions incorporating the absence of adverse effects | ||
Sonn, 1998 [21] | Community | The process through which mediating structures (schools, peer groups, family) and activity settings moderate the impact of oppressive systems |
Lemyre, 2005 [22] | Individual, Household, Community | A process or the attainment of positive outcomes at the individual, family and community levels despite adversity (e.g. natural disaster, terrorist attack) |
Castleden, 2011 [23] | Community | Capability (or process) of a community adapting and functioning in the face of disturbance |
Range of attribute definitions incorporating the absence of adverse effects | ||
Brown, 1992 [24] | Community | The ability to recover from or adjust easily to misfortune or sustained life stress |
Paton, 2000 [25] | Community | The capability to bounce back and to use physical and economic resources effectively to aid recovery following exposure to hazards |
Ganor, 2003 [26] | Community | The ability of individuals and communities to deal with a state of continuous, long-term stress; the ability to find unknown inner strengths and resources in order to cope effectively; the measure of adaptation and flexibility |
Ahmed, 2004 [27] | Community | The development of material, physical, socio-political, socio-cultural and psychological resources that promote the safety of residents and buffer adversity |
Kimhi, 2004 [28] | Community | Individuals’ sense of the ability of their own community to deal successfully with the ongoing political violence |
Coles, 2004 [29] | Community | A community’s capacities, skills and knowledge that allow it to participate fully in recovery from disasters |
Pfefferbaum, 2007 [30] | Community | The ability of community members to take meaningful, deliberate collective action to remedy the impact of a problem, including the ability to interpret the environment, intervene and move on |
Bond, 2017 [31] | Household, Community | The capacity of a system — a household, a community, an organisation or a coupled natural–human system — to prepare for disruptions from outside of the system, to recover from shocks and stresses, and to adapt and grow from a disruptive experience |
Process definitions combined with a range of attributes and incorporating the absence of adverse effects | ||
Norris, 2008 [18] | Community | A process linking a network of adaptive capacities (resources with dynamic attributes) to adaptation after a disturbance or adversity |