Norris framework | Patel framework | Kruse framework | Example of primary indicators | Dynamic attributes of indicators (Robust, Redundant, Rapid) • Robust: resistant to depletion • Redundant: substitutable • Rapid: can be readily accessed | Positive health trajectory? Whether indicator shows positive influences on health outcomes and the equity of those outcomes | |||
Domains | Sub-domains | Elements that relate to the Norris’ domain and sub-domains | Description of elements that relate to the domain and/or sub-domain | Elements that relate to Norris’s domain and sub-domains | Description of elements that relate to the domain and/or sub-domain | |||
Information and Communication | Systems and Infrastructure for Informing the Public | Communication | Involves established infrastructure that could be coordinated in a pre- or post-disaster setting; includes crisis communication, which entails the provision of up-to-date information about the ongoing impact and relief efforts in real-time using traditional and social media | Not applicable | Not applicable | Early warning systems: Number of community with early warning systems in place [45] | Early warning systems: not robust or redundant but rapid This indicator may not be robust given that communities with early warning systems in place could be affected by crises, depending on the magnitude of the crisis (not robust); these may not be redundant either given the importance of having these early warning systems to build the resilience of communities (not redundant); however, communities with these early warning systems could be readily accessed if they are not severely affected by the crises (rapid) | No |
Communication means: Robust and extended communication means available throughout areas at risk [41] | Communication means: not redundant but robust and rapid Communication methods can vary and could be resistant to depletion. For example, information available publicly online could be accessed and does not reduce on higher consumption (robust); these communication means may not be substitutable as these means could be set up to align with the community needs and infrastructure availability (not redundant); if these communication means are not severely hampered, these can be readily accessed and provide valuable information about the impact of crises and relief efforts (rapid) | Yes | ||||||
Communication and Narrative | Communication | Includes risk communication, which deals with the provision of accurate and culturally acceptable information about possible threats | Population alerts: Early warning information and alerts reaching populations at risk [41] | Population alerts: not redundant but robust and rapid See explanations for the indicator “Robust and extended communication means available throughout areas at risk” | Yes |