Table 2 Cost-effectiveness thresholds in the ASEAN region
Countries | Country-specific cost-effectiveness threshold? | Practical cost-effectiveness threshold used |
|---|---|---|
Indonesia | No | 3 times per capita GDP |
Lao PDR | No | Not yet implemented |
Malaysia | Yes | Less than or equal to 1 GDP per capita/QALY gain |
Myanmar | No | 1–3 GDP per capita (previous WHO recommendation) |
Singapore | No | None—cost-effectiveness is one of several factors considered by decision-makers when making funding decisions. Decision-makers consider the upper and lower limits of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) range, in addition to the base-case point estimate when determining whether a technology represents good value for money |
Thailand | Yes | US$ 5250 |
The Philippines | No | There is no explicit threshold for cost-effectiveness as this decision criterion is one of the various factors considered by the HTAC in making funding recommendations. Other factors include burden of disease, clinical effectiveness, affordability, equity, social acceptability, feasibility and health system implications. Cost-effectiveness is weighed together with the other relevant criteria |
Vietnam | No | 1–3 GDP per capita (previous WHO recommendation) |