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Table 5 Availability of partnership frameworks

From: The state of health research governance in Africa: what do we know and how can we improve?

Have collaboration frameworks/guidelines to guide engagements with agencies outside the country

Have a memorandum of understanding between ministry of health and the national research institute

Have a memorandum of understanding between ministry of health and university institutes

Lack of MoU with a health research institute and lack of collaborative agreements

Kenya, Botswana, Mali, Rwanda, South Sudan, Eswatini, Ghana, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Benin, Senegal, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Niger, Mozambique (15 countries)

Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Rwanda, Mauritius, Uganda, Zambia, Ghana, Cameroon, Gabon, Senegal, Niger, Cape Verde, Mozambique (14 countries)

Kenya, Gambia, Liberia, Mali, Mauritius, Rwanda, Eswatini, United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Ghana, Cameroon, Guinea-Bissau, Gabon, Congo, Mauritania, Senegal, Niger, Cape Verde, Mozambique (20 countries)

Namibia, Nigeria, Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, Burundi, Mauritania, Eritrea (7 countries)