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Table 2 List of indicators included in the EURO-HEALTHY Population Health Index model, grouped by population health area of concern and health dimension

From: Advancing tools to promote health equity across European Union regions: the EURO-HEALTHY project

Population health area of concern

Health dimension

Indicators

Economic conditions, social protection and security

Employment

Unemployment rate (%)

Long-term unemployment rate – 12 months and more (%)

Income and living conditions

Disposable income of private households per capita (Euro per inhabitant)

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion (%)

Disposable income ratio – S80/S20 (ratio)

Social protection

Expenditure on care for the elderly (% of GDP)

Security

Crimes recorded by the police (per 100,000 inhabitants)

Education

Education

Population aged 25–64 with upper secondary or tertiary education attainment (%)

Early leavers from education and training (%)

Demographic change

Ageing

At risk of poverty rate of older people – aged 65 years and over (%)

Ageing index (ratio)

Lifestyle and health behaviours

Lifestyle and health behaviours

Adults who are obese (%)

Daily smokers – aged 15 and over (%)

Pure alcohol consumption – aged 15 and over (litres per capita)

Live births by mothers under the age of 20 (%)

Physical environment

Pollution

Annual mean of the daily PM2.5 concentrations (μg/m3)

Annual mean of the daily PM10 concentrations (μg/m3)

Greenhouse gases (total tonnes of CO2 eq. emissions per capita)

Population exposed to traffic noise – (Lden 55–59 db, during day) (%)a

Extreme weather eventsa

Population affected by flooding (per 1,000,000 inhabitants)a

Built environment

Housing conditions

Average number of rooms per person

Households without indoor flushing toilet (%)

Households without central heating (%)

Water and sanitation

Population connected to public water supply (%)

Population connected to wastewater treatment plants (%)

Waste management

Recycling rate of municipal waste (%)

Land usea

Population density (inhabitants/km2)a

Road safety

Road safety

Victims in road accidents – injured and killed (per 100,000 inhabitants)

Fatality rate due to road traffic accidents (per 1000 victims)

Healthcare resources and expenditure

Healthcare resources

Medical doctors (per 100,000 inhabitants)

Health personnel – nurses and midwives, dentists, pharmacists and physiotherapists (per 100,000 inhabitants)

Healthcare expenditure

Total health expenditure (PPS$ per capita)

Private households’ out-of-pocket expenses on health (% of total health expenditure)

Public expenditure on health (PPS$ per capita)

Healthcare performance

Healthcare performance

Hospital discharges due to diabetes, hypertension and asthma (per 100,000 inhabitants)

Amenable deaths due to healthcare (standardised death rate per 100,000 inhabitants)

Health outcomes

Length of life (mortality)

Life expectancy at birth (years)

Infant mortality (per 1000 live births)

Preventable deaths (standardised death rate per 100,000 inhabitants)

Quality of life (morbidity)

Self-perceived health less than good (%)

Age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate (per 100,000 inhabitants)

Low birth weight (%)

  1. Lden day–evening–night noise level, PPS purchasing power standards
  2. a Dimensions and indicators included in the Population Health Index model (conceptual) but not used in its application (adjusted) to the 269 NUTS 2 regions, due to lack of data