Table 2 The final set of performance indicators for the proposed Long-Term Care System Performance Assessment (LTCSPA) framework
Domain | Subdomain | No. | Indicator | Type of data source | Use of indicators | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level | Distribution by | |||||||
Core | Int’l Comp. | Income | region | |||||
Coverage | LTCI coverage rate | C1 | Certified rate: Eligible beneficiaries as a share of people aged 65 and over | LTCI statistics yearbook | √ | √ | √ | |
C2 | Utilisation rate: LTCI recipients as a share of all eligible beneficiaries | LTCI statistics yearbook | √ | |||||
C3 | Utilisation rate: LTCI recipients as a share of people aged 65 and over with activities of daily living limitations | Other data | ||||||
C4 | HCBS users as a share of all beneficiaries | LTCI statistics yearbook | √ | |||||
C5 | Institutional care service users as a share of all beneficiaries | LTCI statistics Yearbook | √ | |||||
Financial burden | C6 | Public spending as share of total LTCI expenditure | LTCI statistics yearbook | √ | √ | |||
C7 | Annual LTCI expenditure per capita | LTCI statistics yearbook | √ | |||||
C8 | Out-of-pocket LTC spending as a share of final household consumption | Primary survey | ||||||
Quality | Quality of care | Q1 | Total formal LTC workers per institutional care user | LTCI statistics yearbook | √ | √ | ||
Q2 | Nurses per institutional care user | LTCI statistics yearbook | √ | √ | ||||
Q3 | Personal carers per institutional care user | LTCI statistics yearbook | √ | |||||
Q4 | User experience | Primary survey | √ | |||||
Community-centred care coordination and integration | Q5 | HCBS users as a share of all users | LTCI micro administrative data | √ | √ | √ | √ | |
Q6 | Multiple HCBS users as a share of all HCBS users | LTCI micro administrative data | √ | √ | ||||
Q7 | Institutional care users with less-severe level (care-need level 3 and lower) as a share of all institutional care users | LTCI micro administrative data | √ | √ | ||||
Q8 | Admission to institutions among HCBS users | LTCI micro administrative data | √ | √ | ||||
Q9 | Admission to hospitals among HCBS users | LTCI micro administrative data | √ | √ | ||||
Health and quality of life | Health | H1 | Proportion of LTCI users whose care-need level was improved or maintained | LTCI micro administrative data | √ | √ | √ | √ |
H2 | Hospital admissions of LTCI users | LTCI micro administrative data | √ | √ | ||||
Quality of life | H3 | Health-related quality of life | Primary survey | √ | √ | √ | √ | |
H4 | Average caregiving times for family caregivers of HCBS users | Primary survey | √ | |||||
H5 | Proportion of family caregivers who reduced their burden of caregiving | Primary survey | ||||||
Sustainability | Financial management | S1 | LTCI expenditure as a share of GDP | LTCI statistics yearbook | √ | √ | ||
S2 | Ratio of surplus to income of the public LTCI | LTCI statistics yearbook | ||||||
System efficiency | S3 | LTCI expenditure per capita on the maintenance or improvement of care-need level | LTCI micro administrative data | √ | √ | √ | ||
S4 | Ratio of health insurance expenditure per capita by LTCI users compared to non-users | LTCI micro administrative data | √ | √ | √ | |||
Public acceptance | S5 | Perceptions of the LTCI programme by the public | Other data | √ | ||||
S6 | Public’s willingness to use LTCI services | Other data | ||||||