A review of reviews on principles, strategies, outcomes and impacts of research partnerships approaches: a first step in synthesising the research partnership literature

F. Hoekstra; K. J. Mrklas; M. Khan; R. C. McKay; M. Vis-Dunbar; K. M. Sibley; T. Nguyen; I. D. Graham; H. L. Gainforth

doi:10.1186/s12961-020-0544-9

Table 5 Overarching principles of research partnerships

From: A review of reviews on principles, strategies, outcomes and impacts of research partnerships approaches: a first step in synthesising the research partnership literature

No	Principles	Subcategory
1a	Partners build and maintain relationships based on trust, credibility, respect, dignity, and transparency	Relationship between researchers and stakeholders
1b	Partners acknowledge, reward and value the diverse expertise of the partnership and its members
1c	Partners share in decision-making and leadership of different research activities
1d	The partnership addresses power dynamics within the team and aim to promote equity, self-determination and/or social justice
1e	The partnership ensures representation and/or inclusivity and addresses disciplinary and sectoral issues
2a	Partners co-produce knowledge and meaningfully engage stakeholders at different phases of the research process	Co-production of knowledge
2b	Partners ensure that all members of the partnership have ownership over the data and resulting knowledge products
2c	Partners strive to balance the need for scientific rigour alongside the practical need for actionable knowledge
2d	Partners ensure the long-term implementation of the findings in real world settings and systems
3a	Partners carefully plan and regularly reflect on their strategic approach to collaboration	Meaningful stakeholder engagement
3b	Partners are flexible and creative in the collaborative research activities and tailor the approach
3c	Researchers and stakeholders benefit from the partnership
3d	The partnership identifies the stakeholder’s needs and makes sure that the research is relevant for the stakeholders
4a	Partners build capacity among all members of the partnership	Capacity-building, support and resources
4b	Partners ensure bidirectional exchange of skills, knowledge and capacity between members of the partnership	Capacity-building, support and resources
5a	The partnership fosters regular, open, clear and honest communication between its members	Communication between researchers and stakeholders
6	Partners address ethical issues related to the collaborative research activities	Ethical issues of collaborative research activities

Note: Partners include both researchers and stakeholders. We synthesised the overarching principles from 98 principles. The steps taken to synthesise these overarching principles are described in OSF–Table IV. To help organise these principles, we grouped them into six subcategories. The principles are numbered for feasibility reasons. The order of the principles does not relate to the frequencies

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