Table 2 Factors for operationalization of One Health in the prevention and control of zoonotic diseases in Ahmedabad, India, extracted from the system workshop during September 2019

Micro-level factors (individual level)

Leadership quality (1)

Each individual within their sector should take the lead as per their expertise

Building trust (2)

Trust among the sectors needs to be facilitated for collaborative work

Motivation for teamwork (3)

Actors should have motivation towards working as a team

Adequate knowledge (4)

Adequate knowledge of zoonotic conditions for early detection and experiences

Meso-level factors (organizational level)

Adequate human resources (5)

Multidisciplinary team One Health Cell consisting of a representative from a different sector or dedicated human resource within each department for OH

Capacity-building (6)

Appropriate interprofessional education needs to be targeted towards medical and veterinary education and other clinical experiences for health workers

Shared vision and objectives (7)

Departmental visions need to be shared with other sectors to form a comprehensive agenda

Improving decision-making capacity (8)

Capacity-building to take an appropriate decision during the health emergencies and other relevant conditions

Improving laboratory capacity (9)

Availability of screening and diagnosing zoonotic conditions

Strengthening surveillance system (10)

The current surveillance system needs to be strengthened. Individual systems should also effort to capture the symptoms from the animals and do a prediction of disease transmission

Macro-level factors (system level)

Coordinating roles (11)

Specific coordinating responsibilities of actors at a different level

Relationships among actors (12)

A good relationship among staff members should be there irrespective of hierarchy within the respective department

Common platform (13)

A common platform is necessary to share the knowledge and experiences and could act as a bridge

External factors (beyond the system boundary level)

Structured guidelines/policy (14)

Guidelines on roles and responsibilities of each actor, including the type of activities

Political will (15)

Both urban and rural governance systems need to work collaboratively. The political commitments need to be enforced with the current system

Specific budget head (16)

Budget head for specific One Health activities

Community participation (17)

Community engagement and participation is essential for promoting disease awareness

Smart technology (18)

Both systems should be able to use smart technologies to share the data and information at any point of time