Table 2 De novo clinical guideline (CG) development (n = 38)
From: The development of clinical guidelines in China: insights from a national survey
Methods (yes responses) | n (%) |
|---|---|
The institution has a formal CG working group | 21 (55.3) |
Evidence is retrieved using systematic searching | 35 (92.1) |
Eligibility criteria are used to select evidence | 37 (97.4) |
Evidence limitations are assessed | 29 (76.3) |
Evidence quality/certainty is rated | 36 (94.7) |
Strength of recommendations is rated | 35 (92.1) |
A formal decision-making process is followed | 29 (76.3) |
The balance between benefits and harms is considered | 31 (81.6) |
Patient values and preferences are considered | 33 (86.8) |
Cost and resources needed are considered | 33 (86.8) |
Other factors are considered | 31 (81.6) |
An external review is conducted | 34 (89.5) |
Specific methods (open-ended responses) | n (%) | |
|---|---|---|
Stakeholder involvementa | ||
Stakeholders | Working group (n = 21) | External review (n = 34) |
Clinicians | 20 (95.2) | 34 (100.0) |
Methodologists | 18 (85.7) | 30 (88.2) |
Policy-makers | 7 (33.3) | 18 (52.9) |
Patient representatives | 9 (42.9) | 9 (26.5) |
Other | 1 (4.8) | 4 (11.8) |
Systematic searcha (n = 35) | ||
 Search is conducted in at least two databases | 27 (77.1) | |
 Formal/rigorous search strategy is used | 26 (74.3) | |
 Other | 1 (2.9) | |
Evidence limitations (n = 29) | ||
Methodological tools (e.g., Cochrane RoB, ROBINS I) | 21 (72.4) | |
Expert opinion | 8 (27.6) | |
Formal decision-makinga (n = 29) | ||
 Voting system | 16 (55.2) | |
 Delphi consensus | 15 (51.7) | |
 Informal consensus or expert opinion | 8 (27.6) | |
Cost/resourcesa (n = 33) | ||
 Based on expert opinion | 26 (78.8) | |
 Based on evidence synthesis | 19 (57.6) | |
 Based on studies (e.g., cost-effectiveness, cost–utility, budgetary impact) | 14 (42.4) | |
Other factorsa (n = 31) | ||
 Based on expert opinion | 26 (83.9) | |
 Based on evidence synthesis (e.g., local data) | 16 (51.6) | |
 Based on studies (e.g., interviews) | 9 (29.0) | |
Patient values/preferencesa (n = 33) | ||
 Based on expert opinion | 21 (63.6) | |
 Based on consultation with patient representatives | 14 (42.4) | |
 Based on evidence synthesis | 12 (36.4) | |
 Based on studies (e.g., reviews, surveys) | 9 (27.3) | |