Table 1 Main barriers identified to strengthening EIHP

Push side

Insufficient skills to conduct HPSR

Lack of reward and incentive programmes for researchers to be involved in HPSR

Imperfect enabling processes to support producing HPSR

Pull side

Insufficient skills to use HPSR, asking for evidence, and lack of confidence in research for responding to the questions

Lack of reward and incentive programmes of decision-makers to use HPSR

Imperfect enabling processes to support using HPSR

Exchange side

Lack of well-structured policy support organization(s)

Imperfect enabling processes to translate HPSR and prepare it for decision-makers