| LMICs and NDSs | EE/CA |
---|---|---|
Willingness | ||
 Policy-makers | Lack trust in citizenry. Dependent on political gain. Remains underfunded | Increasing, but largely dependent on political gain. Can be developed through financial incentives and deliberative mechanisms |
 Citizens | Lack belief in impact of engagement. Requires broad remit, transparency and remuneration | Generally low, due to political distrust. Increases when tangible results become apparent, such as in local policy and service provision |
Capacity | ||
 Policy-makers | Requires funding and broader political commitment | Capacity is apparent, evidenced by existing participatory mechanisms |
 Citizens | Requires support and capacity-building. Best suited to moral or ethical judgements | Low, but increasing across the region. Evidence of sufficient capacity if adequate support provided |