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Table 3 Effectiveness of guideline implementation strategies from systematic reviews by outcome

From: Strategies for the implementation of clinical practice guidelines in public health: an overview of systematic reviews

  Outcome  
Strategy Process Professional Patient Economic References
SS MS SS MS SS MS MS
RE ⋄⋄ ⋄   ⋄⋄ ⋄ ⋄ ⋄ [25,26,27,28, 37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44, 47,48,49,50,51, 54,55,56,57,58,59, 61, 62, 64,65,66, 77]
EMA ⋄ ⋄ ⋄⋄ ⋄⋄ ⋄⋄ ⋄ ⋄ [25,26,27,28, 37,38,39,40, 42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51, 53,54,55,56, 58,59,60,61,62, 65, 77]
EME ⋄⋄ ⋄ ⋄⋄⋄ ⋄⋄ ⋄ ⋄ ⋄ [25,26,27,28, 37,38,39,40, 42,43,44,45, 47,48,49,50,51, 53,54,55,56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 65, 77]
AF ⋄⋄ ⋄⋄   ⋄⋄⋄   ⋄   [25, 27, 28, 37,38,39,40, 42,43,44, 48,49,50, 53, 55, 56, 58, 60,61,62, 77]
CMT ⋄ ⋄     ⋄⋄   [39, 40, 44, 47,48,49, 53, 77]
LOL ⋄⋄ ⋄⋄     ⋄   [25, 38,39,40, 42,43,44,45, 49, 50, 58, 59, 65]
CAP ⋄⋄⋄     ⋄    [25, 38, 40, 43, 47, 50]
PS ⋄⋄ ⋄⋄     ⋄   [26,27,28, 37, 38, 40, 43, 44, 49, 50, 65]
AD   ⋄     ⋄ ⋄ [25,26,27, 37,38,39, 42,43,44,45, 47, 49,50,51, 53,54,55,56, 58, 61, 65]
FI   ⋄⋄       [40, 55, 57, 58, 65]
PI   ⋄     ⋄   [37, 38, 43, 46, 58, 59, 62]
COC   ⋄       [40, 43]
ORG   ⋄   ⋄⋄⋄   ⋄   [28, 39, 43, 44, 57,58,59, 62, 77]
SI   ⋄     ⋄   [40, 44, 47,48,49, 56, 58]
MP   ⋄⋄       [25, 40, 43, 44, 48, 50, 51]
PMI   ⋄     ⋄   [47, 58]
COM       ⋄   [42]
LCP   ⋄     ⋄   [42, 43, 47, 53, 58]
ICT   ⋄⋄       [29, 37, 44, 50, 55, 61]
  1. CAP care pathways, CMT clinical multidisciplinary teams, COC continuity of care, COM community mobilization, ICT information and communication technology, SI structural intervention, AD academic detailing, AF audit and feedback, EMA educational materials, EME educational meetings, LCP local consensus processes, LOL local opinion leaders, MP monitoring the performance of the delivery of healthcare, PMI patient-mediated intervention, RE reminders, ORG organizational culture, FI financial interventions, PI patient-directed interventions, PS practice support, SS single strategy, MS multifaceted strategy
  2. The other strategies did not present ≥ 10 evaluated comparisons and, therefore, the results are presented in Additional file 4
  3. ⋄⋄⋄Generally effective (more than two thirds of comparisons in a review demonstrated statistically positive effects)
  4. ⋄⋄Mixed effects (one third to two thirds of studies demonstrated statistically positive effects)
  5. ⋄Generally ineffective (fewer than one third of studies demonstrated statistically positive effects)
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