Table 4 Effectiveness of guideline implementation strategies from meta-analysis by outcome
|
Outcome Strategy | Process | Patient | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single strategy | Multifaceted strategy | Multifaceted strategy | ||||
| Significant positive result | No statistically significant difference | Significant positive result | No statistically significant difference | Significant positive result | No statistically significant difference | |
| Audit and feedback | - | – | – |
– Adherence outcome/long-term (6 studies) [29] – Adherence outcome (4 studies)a [29] – Adherence outcome (4 studies)a [29] – Physician adherence (12 studies) [30] | – | – Disease target results in the long term (3 studies) [29] |
| Organizational culture | – Physician adherence (14 studies) [30] | – | – Physician adherence (17 studies) [30] | – | – | – |
| Educational interventions | – Physician adherence (15 studies) [30] | – | – Physician adherence (26 studies) [30] |
– Adherence outcome/short-term (6 studies) [29] – Adherence outcome/long-term (8 studies) [29] – Adherence outcome (4 studies) [29] |
– Disease target results in the short term (6 studies) [29] – Disease target results in the long term (5 studies) [29] |
– Mortality in the short term (3 studies) [29] – Mortality in the long term (4 studies) [29] – Hospitalizations in the long term (4 studies) [29] |
| Patient-directed interventions | – Physician adherence (5 studies)a [30] | – Physician adherence (5 studies)a [30] | – |
– Physician adherence(14 studies)a [30] – Physician adherence (15 studies)a [30] | – | – |
| Reminders | – Physician adherence (15 studies) [30] | – | – |
– Physician adherence (22 studies) [30] – Adherence outcome/long-term (6 studies) [29] – Adherence outcome (4 studies) [29] | – | – Disease target results in the long term (3 studies) [29] |
| Educational meetings | – | – | – |
– Adherence outcome/long-term (6 studies) [29] – Adherence outcome (4 studies) [29] | – | – Disease target results in the long term (3 studies) [29] |
| Information and communication technology | – | – | – |
– Adherence outcome/long-term (6 studies) [29] – Adherence outcome (4 studies) [29] | – | – Disease target results in the long term (3 studies) [29] |
| Academic detailing | – | – | – |
Adherence outcome/long-term (6 studies) [29] Adherence outcome (4 studies) [29] | – | – Disease target results in the long term (3 studies) [29] |