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Table 9 Estimates with their standard errors of the ARIMA models for the years 1995 to 2017 for South Africa

From: Future health spending forecast in leading emerging BRICS markets in 2030: health policy implications

 

Health spending per capita ($)

Health spending per GDP (%)

Source of health spending

Share of health spending

   

Government spending per capita ($)

Prepaid private spending per capita ($)

Out-of-pocket spending per capita ($)

Government spending as share of total (%)

Prepaid private spending as share of total (%)

Out-of-pocket spending as share of total (%)

Model

ARIMA(0,2,1)

ARIMA(0,2,1)

ARIMA(1,1,0)

ARIMA(1,1,0)

ARIMA(0,2,0)

ARIMA(2,1,0)

ARIMA(2,1,)

ARIMA(0,2,0)

Estimates (SE)

MA1 = −0.47 (0.19)

MA1 = −0.67 (0.18)

AR1 = 0.87 (0.09)

AR1 = 0.49 (0.18)

 

AR1 = 1.33 (0.18)

AR2 = −0.50 (0.18)

AR1 = 1.32 (0.18)

AR2 = 0.52 (0.17

 
  1. ARIMA(p,d,q): Autoregressive integrated moving average model and (p,d,q) are the autoregressive order, the degree of differencing and the moving average order
  2. SE: standard error
  3. AR: Autoregressive parameter
  4. MA: Moving average parameter