A critical review of definitions of rural areas in Indonesia and implications for health workforce policy and research

Table 4 The ratio of doctor per 100,000 population (DPR) at district level 2011–2018

Geographic classification	2011		2014		2018
Geographic classification	DPR	Min, max	DPR	Min, max	DPR	Min, max
Indonesia	24	1, 668	23	2, 145	24	2, 181
MoH definition¹
District without remote health facilities	28	2, 668	24	3, 145	26	3, 181
District with remote health facilities	19	1, 191	20	2, 110	22	2, 105
Presidential definition²
More developed district	26	3, 668	24	3, 145	25	4, 181
Less developed district	17	1, 134	18	2, 69	19	2, 88
CBS definition³
Quintile 1 (most urban)	37	4, 159	39	9, 145	40	8, 181
Quintile 2	25	5, 326	21	6, 110	22	5, 104
Quintile 3	17	4, 60	18	4, 62	18	5, 57
Quintile 4	16	3, 45	17	3, 52	19	4, 59
Quintile 5 (most rural)	23	1, 667	17	2, 69	19	2, 88

Source: The doctor data was calculated from the number of doctors residing in each village according to Village Census 2011, 2014 and 2018. The number of populations was projected estimation in 2011, 2014 and 2018 according to Population Census 2010
¹The list of remote health facilities was based on district head decree that was verified by MoH letter DG.01.01/II/1979/2018
²The classification of remote districts was based on Presidential Regulation 131/2015, where 122 districts are considered less developed and 392 as more developed in 2018
³The classification of the urban/rural village was based on the CBS Regulation 37/2010, where 67,602 villages were classified rural and 16,329 urban in 2018

ISSN: 1478-4505