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Table 7 Cross tabulation of demographic characteristics against attitude, access, knowledge and organizational structure

From: Determinants of evidence use by frontline maternal, newborn and child health staff in selected health facilities in Ghana

Ā 

Attitude

Access

Knowledge

Structure

Use

Facility ownership

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Ā Private

3.82

3.56

3.67

3.43

3.64

Ā Government

4.03

3.78

3.83

3.61

3.90

Ā Mission

4.06

4.00

3.98

3.46

4.17

Ā Quasi

4.14

4.06

3.90

3.48

3.90

Ā ANOVA/T test p value

0.07

0.05

0.13

0.17

0.00

Type of location

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Ā Rural

3.99

3.75

3.79

3.54

3.85

Ā Urban

4.10

3.90

3.88

3.66

3.93

Ā ANOVA/T test p value

0.22

0.07

0.28

0.17

0.30

Sex

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Ā Male

4.00

3.81

3.77

3.41

3.96

Ā Female

3.99

3.75

3.81

3.57

3.85

Ā ANOVA/T test p value

0.95

0.65

0.81

0.30

0.41

Age group

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Ā 20ā€“29

3.94

3.71

3.75

3.51

3.84

Ā 30ā€“39

4.03

3.79

3.82

3.60

3.86

Ā 40ā€“49

4.02

3.75

3.85

3.48

3.95

Ā 50 and above

4.06

3.86

3.96

3.79

4.00

Ā ANOVA/T test p value

0.62

0.58

0.36

0.18

0.50

Religious affiliation

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Ā Christian

4.01

3.77

3.82

3.57

3.88

Ā Islamic

3.75

3.70

3.66

3.30

3.68

Ā Traditional/other

4.07

3.96

4.02

3.93

4.03

Ā No religion

3.67

3.30

3.15

3.50

3.70

Ā ANOVA/T test p value

0.29

0.32

0.05

0.19

0.39

Marital status

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Ā Married

4.17

3.77

4.03

3.59

3.92

Ā Single

4.17

3.93

3.98

3.73

4.01

Ā Widowed

4.00

4.00

4.42

4.04

4.25

Ā Divorced

4.26

3.77

3.82

3.64

3.90

Ā Do not know

4.06

3.79

3.86

3.58

3.93

Ā ANOVA/T test p value

0.65

0.34

0.22

0.45

0.55

Highest education level

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Ā Diploma/Certificate

3.95

3.74

3.82

3.63

3.88

Ā Bachelorā€™s Degree

4.15

3.84

3.71

3.22

3.76

Ā Postgraduate certification

3.90

3.73

3.92

3.45

3.91

Ā ANOVA/T test p value

0.08

0.47

0.35

0.00

0.30

Years of practice

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Ā Less than 5Ā years

3.85

3.64

3.73

3.55

3.81

Ā 5ā€“10Ā years

4.09

3.81

3.81

3.54

3.89

Ā 11ā€“15Ā years

4.26

4.01

3.98

3.59

3.93

Ā 16ā€“20Ā year

4.19

3.98

4.14

3.67

4.08

Ā Above 20Ā years

4.05

3.86

3.93

3.65

3.95

Ā ANOVA/T test p value

0.00

0.01

0.04

0.92

0.32

Practice of work

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Ā Facility based

4.01

3.74

3.78

3.49

3.83

Ā Community outreach

3.91

3.73

3.85

3.92

4.02

Ā Community home visits

4.10

3.77

3.84

3.70

3.83

Ā Community outreach and Home

3.99

3.88

4.02

3.83

4.09

Ā Other

4.01

3.98

3.93

3.49

3.88

Ā ANOVA/T test p value

0.94

0.42

0.21

0.00

0.08

Years worked in facility

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Ā Less than 5Ā years

3.95

3.73

3.79

3.55

3.83

Ā 5ā€“10Ā years

4.07

3.80

3.81

3.55

3.87

Ā 11ā€“15Ā years

4.21

3.97

3.96

3.75

4.16

Ā 16ā€“20Ā year

4.12

4.00

3.83

3.66

4.08

Ā Above 20Ā years

4.33

3.87

3.78

3.18

3.90

Ā ANOVA/T test p value

0.30

0.39

0.87

0.71

0.19

Patient load

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Ā Less than 20 patients

4.00

3.73

3.79

3.55

3.84

Ā 20ā€“40 patients

4.02

3.81

3.85

3.60

3.92

Ā 41ā€“60 patients

3.87

3.73

3.75

3.51

3.82

Ā 61ā€“80 patients

3.41

3.04

3.23

3.21

3.45

Ā More than 80 patients

4.30

4.08

4.10

3.66

3.97

Ā ANOVA/T test p value

0.02

0.00

0.01

0.48

0.16

Licensure

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Ā Less than 5Ā years

3.89

3.66

3.73

3.54

3.81

Ā 5ā€“10Ā years

4.10

3.82

3.84

3.54

3.91

Ā 11ā€“15Ā years

4.24

3.97

4.05

3.78

4.06

Ā 16ā€“20Ā year

3.99

3.94

3.95

3.65

3.98

Ā Above 20Ā years

4.01

3.86

3.96

3.60

3.92

Ā ANOVA/T test p value

0.35

0.03

0.05

0.60

0.19

Daily workload

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Ā 8Ā h and less

4.07

3.80

3.84

3.60

3.91

Ā More than 8Ā h

4.11

3.96

4.10

3.84

4.13

Ā ANOVA/T test p value

0.69

0.07

0.00

0.01

0.00

  1. Source Authors computation based on field data
  2. Bold Values are Anova/Test p-values