Saving millions of lives but some resources squandered: emerging lessons from health research system pandemic achievements and challenges

Table 1 Seven selected countries: excess deaths per million population as at 27/12/2021; COVID-19 deaths per million population as at 31/12/2021; % of population fully vaccinated as at 31/12/2021 and Global Health Security Index rank as at October 2019

Country	Estimated excess deaths during COVID-19 per million population	COVID-19 deaths per million population	% of total population fully vaccinated	2019 Global Health Security Index rank/195 countries
New Zealand	−500	10	75.2	35
Australia	10	86	76.2	4
Canada	680	793	77.2	5
Germany	1350	1339	70.9	14
United Kingdom	2210	2172	70.5	2
United States of America	3010	2536	63.0	1
Brazil	3150	2882	66.9	22

Sources: Giattino et al., 2022: https://ourworldindata.org/excess-mortality-covid (adapted from table showing estimated cumulative excess deaths during COVID-19 per 100,000 people using data from The Economist for 27/12/2022) (accessed 10/8/2022) [31, 32]; Worldometer: COVID Live—Coronavirus Statistics—Worldometer (worldometers.info) (accessed: 1/1/2022) [46]; Mathieu et al., A global database of COVID-19 vaccinations. Nat Hum Behav. 2021;5:947–953. Web update for 31/12/2022: Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccinations—Our World in Data (accessed 10/8/2022) [62]; Global Health Security Index (2019): https://www.ghsindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/2019-Global-Health-Security-Index.pdf (accessed 6/11/21) [57]

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