Panel A: Single-country studies (n = 145) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country | Income group, region a | Total population in 2020 b | Studies reviewed | Number of studies reviewed | Data source | |||
Millions | % | n | % | |||||
India | LwMIC, SA | 1380.0 | 26.3 | [71]; [50]; [51]; [72]; [73]; [48]; [49]; [74]; [75]; [76]; [77]; [78]; [44]; [79]; [80]; [35]; [81]; [82]; [33]; [83]; [84]; [85]; [86]; [87]; [88]; [89]; [41]; [90]; [91]; [92]; [93]; [94]; [95]; [96]; [57] | 35 | 24.1 | National Sample Survey, 1994/95, 1995/96, 1999/2000, 2004, 2004/05, 2011/12, 2014, 2017/18; Indian Human Development Survey, 2004/05, 2011/12; World Health Organization’s (WHO) Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) India*, 2007/08 | |
China | UMIC, EAP | 1402.1 | 26.7 | [97]; [98]; [99]; [100]; [64]; [101]; [102]; [103]; [63]; [104]; [36]; [66]; [105]; [106]; [107]; [108]; [65]; [109]; [110]; [111]; [112]; [39]; [113] | 23 | 15.9 | China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study*, 2011, 2013, 2015; National Health Services Survey, 2003, 2008, 2013; China Family Panel Studies*, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018; China Household Finance Survey*, 2015, 2017; National Oral Health Survey, 2005; Dataset for the study ‘Evaluating Social Policy Supporting System for Vulnerable Families in Urban and Rural China’, 2014 | |
Iran, Islamic Rep | LwMIC, MENA | 84.0 | 1.6 | [114]; [115]; [116]; [117]; [118]; [119]; [120]; [56]; [58]; [121] | 10 | 6.9 | Households Income and Expenditure Survey, 1991, 1996, 2001, 2003 – 2017 | |
Ghana | LwMIC, SSA | 31.1 | 0.6 | 6 | 4.1 | Ghana Living Standard Survey, 1991/92, 1998/99, 2005/06, & 2012/13; First National Tuberculosis Patient Cost Survey, 2016 | ||
Bangladesh | LwMIC, SA | 164.7 | 3.1 | 5 | 3.4 | Household Expenditure Survey, 1991/92, 1995/96; Household Income and Expenditure Survey, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2016; Urban Health Expenditure Survey, 2011; Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey, 2011/12 | ||
Kenya | LwMIC, SSA | 53.8 | 1.0 | 5 | 3.4 | Kenya Household Expenditure and Utilization Survey, 2003, 2007, 2013, 2018 | ||
Vietnam | LwMIC, EAP | 97.3 | 1.9 | 4 | 2.8 | Household Living Standards Survey, 2012, 2014, 2016; First National Tuberculosis Patient Cost Survey, 2016 | ||
Mexico | UMIC, LAC | 128.9 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.1 | Mexican National Household Income and Expenditure Survey, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, & 2010; Survey of Health and Nutrition (Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutricion, ENSANUT), 2006, 2012 | ||
Ethiopia | LIC, SSA | 115.0 | 2.2 | 3 | 2.1 | Household Consumption and Expenditure Survey 2010/11, 2015/16; Household Welfare Monitoring Survey 2015/16; National Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey, 2010/11 | ||
Myanmar | LwMIC, EAP | 54.4 | 1.0 | 3 | 2.1 | World Health Survey, 2002/03; Integrated Household Living Condition Assessment, 2009/10; Poverty and Living Conditions Survey, 2015 | ||
Nepal | LwMIC, SA | 29.1 | 0.6 | 3 | 2.1 | Living Standards Survey, 1995, 2010/11, | ||
Malawi | LIC, SSA | 19.1 | 0.4 | 3 | 2.1 | Integrated Household Survey, 2010/11, 2016/17 | ||
Cambodia | LwMIC, EAP | 16.7 | 0.3 | 3 | 2.1 | Cambodian Socio-Econoamic Survey, 2004, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 | ||
Mongolia | LwMIC, EAP | 3.3 | 0.1 | 3 | 2.1 | Household Socio-Economic Survey, 2012 | ||
Indonesia | LwMIC, EAP | 273.5 | 5.2 | 2 | 1.4 | Indonesian Family Life Survey*, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2007, 2014 | ||
Nigeria | LwMIC, SSA | 206.1 | 3.9 | 2 | 1.4 | Harmonized Nigeria Living Standard Survey, 2008/09, 2009/10 | ||
Turkey | UMIC, ECA | 84.3 | 1.6 | 2 | 1.4 | Household Budget Surveys, 2004 – 2010, 201, 2014, 2016 | ||
Thailand | UMIC, EAP | 69.8 | 1.3 | 2 | 1.4 | Household Socio-Economic Surveys, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015; Health and Welfare Survey, 2015 | ||
Colombia | UMIC, LAC | 50.9 | 1.0 | 2 | 1.4 | National Health Survey, 2007; Quality of Life National Survey, 2011 | ||
Uganda | LIC, SSA | 45.7 | 0.9 | 2 | 1.4 | National Household Survey, 2005/06, 2009/10, 2012/13, 2016/17 | ||
Peru | UMIC, LAC | 33.0 | 0.6 | 2 | 1.4 | National Household Survey on Living Conditions (Encuesta Nacional de Hogares, ENAHO), 2008, 2016, 2017 | ||
Zimbabwe | LwMIC, SSA | 14.9 | 0.3 | 2 | 1.4 | National Household Survey, 2016; Health Facility-based Survey on Tuberculosis Patients, 2018 | ||
Pakistan | LwMIC, SA | 220.9 | 4.2 | [161] | 1 | 0.7 | Household Integrated Economic Survey, 2015/16 | |
Brazil | UMIC, LAC | 212.6 | 4.0 | [162] | 1 | 0.7 | Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (Estudo Longitudinal de Saude dos Idosos Brasileiros, ELSI) *, 2015/16 | |
Philippines | LwMIC, EAP | 109.6 | 2.1 | [163] | 1 | 0.7 | Family Income and Expenditure Surveys, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, & 2012 | |
South Africa | UMIC, SSA | 59.3 | 1.1 | [164] | 1 | 0.7 | Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) South Africa*, 2007/08 | |
Argentina | UMIC, LAC | 45.4 | 0.9 | [165] | 1 | 0.7 | National Survey of Household Expenditure 2012/13 | |
Sudan | LIC, SSA | 43.8 | 0.8 | [166] | 1 | 0.7 | National Baseline Household Survey, 2009 | |
Iraq | UMIC, MENA | 40.2 | 0.8 | [167] | 1 | 0.7 | Household Socio-Economic Survey, 2006/07, & 2012 | |
Afghanistan | LIC, SA | 38.9 | 0.7 | [168] | 1 | 0.7 | Living Conditions Survey, 2016/17 | |
Morocco | LwMIC, MENA | 36.9 | 0.7 | [169] | 1 | 0.7 | National Household Consumption and Expenditure Survey, 2013/14 | |
Zambia | LwMIC, SSA | 18.4 | 0.3 | [170] | 1 | 0.7 | Household Health Expenditure and Utilisation Survey, 2014 | |
Senegal | LwMIC, SSA | 16.7 | 0.3 | [171] | 1 | 0.7 | Poverty Monitoring Survey, 2011 | |
Tunisia | LwMIC, MENA | 11.8 | 0.2 | [172] | 1 | 0.7 | National Budget and Consumption Survey, 2000, 2005, & 2010 | |
Haiti | LwMIC, LAC | 11.4 | 0.2 | [32] | 1 | 0.7 | Household Living Conditions survey (Enquete sur les Conditions de Vie des Menages Apres Seisme, ECVMAS), 2012 & 2013 | |
Sierra Leone | LIC, SSA | 8.0 | 0.2 | [173] | 1 | 0.7 | Integrated Household Survey, 2003 & 2011 | |
Lao PDR | LwMIC, EAP | 7.3 | 0.1 | [174] | 1 | 0.7 | National Survey on Tuberculosis Patients, 2016 | |
Kyrgyz Republic | LwMIC, ECA | 6.6 | 0.1 | [175] | 1 | 0.7 | Integrated Household Surveys*, 2012 – 2018 | |
Liberia | LIC, SSA | 5.1 | 0.1 | [9] | 1 | 0.7 | Household Income and Expenditure Survey, 2014 | |
Jamaica | UMIC, LAC | 3.0 | 0.1 | [176] | 1 | 0.7 | Jamaica Survey of Living Conditions, 1996 -2002, 2004, 2006 – 2010, 2012 | |
Kosovo | UMIC, ECA | 1.8 | 0.0 | [177] | 1 | 0.7 | Household Budget Survey, 2014 | |
Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) | LwMIC, SSA | 1.2 | 0.0 | [178] | 1 | 0.7 | Household Income and Expenditure Survey, 2009/10 | |
Total | 42 countries: LIC = 7 LwMIC = 23 UMIC = 12 EAP = 9 ECA = 3 LAC = 7 MENA = 4 SA = 5 SSA = 14 | 5256.6 LIC = 275.6 LwMIC = 2849.7 UMIC = 2131.3 | 100.0 5.3 54.2 40.5 | 145 studies: 2015 publications = 8 (5.5%) 2016 publications = 11 (7.6%) 2017 publications = 15 (10.3%) 2018 publications = 31 (21.4%) 2019 publications = 24 (16.6%) 2020 publications = 29 (20.0%) 2021 publications = 27 (18.6%) | 145 studies: LIC = 12 LwMIC = 93 UMIC = 40 | 100.0 8.3 64.1 27.6 | Data year range: 1991/92 – 2017/18 Latest data years: 2007/08–2009/10: 4 countries (LIC = 1, LwMIC = 2, UMIC = 1) 2010/11–2014/15: 17 countries (LIC = 2, LwMIC = 9, UMIC = 6) 2015/16–2017/18: 21 countries (LIC = 4, LwMIC = 12, UMIC = 5) |
Panel B: Multi-country studies (n = 10) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Countries | Income group, region a | Studies reviewed | Data sources | ||||
122 countries | 122 countries from all WB income groups, and geographic regions | [19] | Household surveys, 1984–2015 | ||||
111 countries | 111 countries from all WB income groups, and geographic regions | [179] | Household surveys, 2005–2014 | ||||
Latin American countries including 15 LMICs | LwMIC, LAC (Bolivia, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua) UMIC, LAC (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru) HIC, LAC (Chile, Uruguay) | [180] | Household surveys, 1990–2013 | ||||
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Timor-Leste | LwMIC, EAP (Timor-Leste) LwMIC, SA (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka) UMIC, EAP (Thailand); UMIC, SA (Maldives) | [181] | Household surveys: Bangladesh (2010), Bhutan (2012), India (2011/12), Maldives (2009), Nepal (2014), Sri Lanka (2012), Thailand (2015), and Timor-Leste (2015) | ||||
China, Ghana, India, Mexico, the Russian Federation, and South Africa | LwMIC, SA (India) LwMIC, SSA (Ghana) UMIC, EAP (China) UMIC, LAC (Mexico) UMIC, ECA (Russian Federation) UMIC, SSA (South Africa) | [182] | World Health Organisation's Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (WHO SAGE) * wave 2007–2010 | ||||
Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka | LwMIC, SA (Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka) | [183] | World Health Survey, 2002/03 | ||||
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan | LIC, SA (Afghanistan) LwMICs, SA (Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan) | [184] | Household surveys: Afghanistan (2014), Bangladesh (2010), India (2012), Nepal (2014), and Pakistan (2014) | ||||
Egypt, Jordan, and West Bank, and Gaza | LwMIC, MENA (Egypt, West Bank, and Gaza) UMIC, MENA (Jordan) | [185] | Household surveys: Egypt (2010/2011); Jordan (2010); West Bank and Gaza (2010) | ||||
China, and India | LwMIC, SA (India) UMIC, EAP (China) | [186] | World Health Organisation's Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (WHO SAGE) *, wave 2007–2010 | ||||
China, and India | LwMIC, SA (India) UMIC, EAP (China) | [187] | World Health Organisation's Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (WHO SAGE) *, wave 2007–2010 |