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Table 1 CMO configuration used to guide our realist explanatory case study in the United Kingdom (adapted from [9])

From: Why and how has the United Kingdom become a high producer of health inequalities research over the past 50 years? A realist explanatory case study

Context (C1–4)

Mechanism (M1–6)

Outcome (O)

Structural (C1):

 Ideologies, government politics; HI exist in society; tradition of recognition of social and public health issues; minimum level of domestic resources to invest in health and social sciences

Intermediary (C2):

 Institutional research funders; research institutions; stewardship

Research infrastructure (C3):

 Minimum level of relevant human and information research capacities (e.g. available sociodemographic and health data; data collection systems; critical mass of trained professionals; scientific leadership; stewardship

Research networks (C4):

 Scientific knowledge, financial and human resources

M1: Recognition with concern

M2: Sense of moral responsibility to act

M3: Stewardship for HI research

M4: New resources to strengthen HI human resources

M5: New resources to strengthen HI information resources

M6: Cognitive social capital

O: High volume of HI research