Table 1 Assessments of internal consistency
Conceptual domains | # of items | Cronbach's Alpha | Proportion who provided the same ordinal scale response for each item within a conceptual domain |
|---|---|---|---|
Access to information technology (IT) | |||
-Personal computer without a CD ROM; Personal computer with a CD ROM; Internet | 3 | 0.867 | 0.707 |
Awareness, access and use of electronic/online and paper sources of information | |||
-Electronic/online: Medical textbooks; Clinical practice guidelines; DARE; Cochrane Library; Open access initiatives (HINARI, other); Bibliographic databases (international, regional), Scientific journals (from high-income countries, own region, own country); Articles, reports, reviews (from public and not-for-profit health organizations, for-profit health organizations); Summaries of articles, reports, and reviews from public and not-for-profit health organizations. | 14 | 0.908 | 0.055 |
Factor 1. DARE; Cochrane Library; Open access initiatives (HINARI, other); Bibliographic databases (international, regional), Scientific journals (from high-income countries) | 7 | 0.854 | 0.121 |
Factor 2. Medical textbooks; Clinical practice guidelines; Scientific journals from own country; Articles, reports, reviews (from public and not-for-profit health organizations, for-profit health organizations); Summaries of articles, reports, and reviews from public and not-for-profit health organizations. | 6 | 0.880 | 0.072 |
-Paper: Medical textbooks; Clinical practice guidelines; Scientific journals (from high-income countries, own region, own country); Articles, reports, reviews (from public and not-for-profit health organizations, for-profit health organizations); Summaries of articles, reports, and reviews from public and not-for-profit health organizations. | 8 | 0.823 | 0.057 |
Perceived influence of electronic/online and paper sources of information on clinical practice [Changed approach to preventing or treating a clinical condition] | |||
-Electronic/online: Medical textbooks; Clinical practice guidelines; DARE; Cochrane Library; Open access initiatives (HINARI, other); Bibliographic databases (international, regional), Scientific journals (from high-income countries, own region, own country); Articles, reports, reviews (from public and not-for-profit health organizations, for-profit health organizations); Summaries of articles, reports, and reviews from public and not-for-profit health organizations. | 14 | 0.845 | n/a |
-Paper: Medical textbooks; Clinical practice guidelines; Scientific journals (from high-income countries, own region, own country); Articles, reports, reviews (from public and not-for-profit health organizations, for-profit health organizations); Summaries of articles, reports, and reviews from public and not-for-profit health organizations. | 8 | 0.805 | n/a |
Training | |||
-General computer skills; Searching the internet; Acquiring systematic reviews through the Cochrane Library; Acquiring copies of full-text journal articles from open access initiatives; Acquiring titles and abstracts of articles from bibliographic databases; Critically appraising clinical practice guidelines, clinical protocols, and/or clinical decision support tools; Critically appraising systematic reviews; Critically appraising individual studies of a diagnostic tool and/or approach; Critically appraising individual studies of the effectiveness of an intervention; Critically appraising economic evaluations; Adapting research evidence to local settings. | 11 | 0.898 | 0.454 |
Trust in types of sources of information | |||
-Single cohort study; Systematic review of randomized controlled double-blind trials; Practical experience; Single case control study; Single randomized controlled double-blind trials; Case series; Expert opinion and advice; Case report. | 8 | 0.830 | 0.075 |
Factor 1. Single cohort study; Systematic review of randomized controlled double-blind trials; Single case control study; Single randomized controlled double-blind trial. | 4 | 0.815 | 0.252 |
Factor 2. Practical experience; Case series; Expert opinion and advice; Case report. | 4 | 0.788 | 0.176 |
Extent of research utilization | |||
-Reception; Cognition; Discussion; Reference; Adoption; Influence. | 6 | 0.929 | 0.173 |
Attitudes to issues needed to be addressed to improve practice | |||
-Financial incentives (e.g., better pay); More staff; More training; More feedback on staff performance; More/better equipment or supplies; Better security; Better physical environment; Higher quality of available research; More access to peers/networks; More locally applicable research | 10 | 0.827 | 0.100 |
Factor 1. Financial incentives (e.g., better pay); More staff; More training; More feedback on staff performance; More/better equipment or supplies. | 5 | 0.735 | 0.192 |
Factor 2. Higher quality of available research; More access to peers/networks; More locally applicable research. | 3 | 0.798 | 0.464 |
Factor 3. Better security; Better physical environment. | 2 | 0.688 | 0.602 |
Activities to improve practice | |||
-Working with: researchers or researcher groups; patient groups; representatives of non-governmental organizations (NGOs); representatives of for-profit organizations; policy-makers; peers. | 6 | 0.701 | 0.147 |
Attitudes and perceptions to where research is performed and reported | |||
-High-income countries | 4 | 0.734 | 0.132 |
-Own region | 4 | 0.517 | 0.186 |
-Own country | 4 | 0.724 | 0.194 |
Note: n/a: not applicable |