Table 1 National and international collaboration
From: An analysis of national collaboration with Spanish researchers abroad in the health sciences
a) Level of national and international scientific collaboration | |||||
1. To which extent are you collaborating in your research activity with some international institution? | Median | Average rank | χ 2 (df) | P value | Mean (SD) |
Social and Legal Sciences and Humanities | 6.0 | 131.73 | 0.287 (3) | 0.963 | 5.77 (1.36) |
Sciences | 6.0 | 136.85 | 5.69 (1.75) | ||
Health Sciences | 6.0 | 131.73 | 5.72 (1.61) | ||
Engineering and Architecture | 6.5 | 133.54 | 5.50 (1.98) | ||
Total | 5.68 (1.71) | ||||
2. To what extent are you collaborating in your research activity with some Spanish institution? | Median | Average rank | χ 2 (df) | P value | Mean (SD) |
Social and Legal Sciences and Humanities | 4.0 | 182.81 | 6.878 (3) | 0.076 | 4.08 (2.17) |
Sciences | 2.0 | 135.95 | 2.76 (1.88) | ||
Health Sciences | 2.0 | 130.35 | 2.68 (1.98) | ||
Engineering and Architecture | 2.0 | 121.09 | 2.41 (1.84) | ||
Total | 2.75 (1.94) | ||||
3. To what extent are you collaborating in your research activity with your Spanish institution of origin? | Median | Average rank | χ 2 (df) | P value | Mean (SD) |
Social and Legal Sciences and Humanities | 4.0 | 180.54 | 10.606 (3) | 0.014* | 3.77 (2.27) |
Sciences | 2.0 | 140.97 | 2.51 (1.89) | ||
Health Sciences | 1.0 | 125.78 | 2.13 (1.70) | ||
Engineering and Architecture | 1.0 | 114.13 | 1.91 (1.67) | ||
Total | 2.37 (1.86) | ||||
b) Efforts made by the host country to achieve collaboration | |||||
1. To what degree does the country where you are carrying out your work help you to collaborate with other international institutions? | Median | Average rank | χ 2 (df) | P value | Mean (SD) |
Social and Legal Sciences and Humanities | 6.0 | 123.12 | 1.452 (3) | 0.693 | 5.38 (2.06) |
Sciences | 6.0 | 137.58 | 5.93 (1.31) | ||
Health Sciences | 6.0 | 128.66 | 5.77 (1.37) | ||
Engineering and Architecture | 6.0 | 141.91 | 6.00 (1.27) | ||
Total | 5.86 (1.37) | ||||
2. To what degree does the country where you are carrying out your work help you to collaborate with Spanish institutions? | Median | Average rank | χ 2 (df) | P value | Mean (SD) |
Social and Legal Sciences and Humanities | 5.0 | 148.92 | 1.231 (3) | 0.746 | 5.31 (1.65) |
Sciences | 5.0 | 137.61 | 5.08 (1.64) | ||
Health Sciences | 5.0 | 130.30 | 4.82 (1.95) | ||
Engineering and Architecture | 5.5 | 127.69 | 4.71 (2.09) | ||
Total | 4.96 (1.80) | ||||
3. To what degree does the country where you are carrying out your work help you to collaborate with your Spanish scientific institution of origin? | Median | Average rank | χ 2 (df) | P value | Mean (SD) |
Social and Legal Sciences and Humanities | 6.0 | 165.92 | 2.817 (3) | 0.421 | 5.46 (1.80) |
Sciences | 5.0 | 136.04 | 4.71 (1.91) | ||
Health Sciences | 4.0 | 130.15 | 4.47 (2.19) | ||
Engineering and Architecture | 5.0 | 127.71 | 4.35 (2.36) | ||
Total | 4.62 (2.06) | ||||
c) Efforts made by national scientific institutions to promote collaboration | |||||
To what degree do the scientific institutions in Spain promote collaboration? | Median | Average rank | χ 2 (df) | P value | Mean (SD) |
Social and Legal Sciences and Humanities | 2.0 | 130.54 | 1.436 (3) | 0.697 | 2.54 (1.85) |
Sciences | 2.0 | 139.98 | 2.65 (1.60) | ||
Health Sciences | 2.0 | 128.34 | 2.45 (1.68) | ||
Engineering and Architecture | 2.0 | 130.53 | 2.38 (1.41) | ||
Total | 2.54 (1.61) | ||||