The discordance between evidence and health policy in the United States: the science of translational research and the critical role of diverse stakeholders

Table 2 Recommendations about mammography: Women aged 40 to 49 with average risk^a [82]

Agency / Recommendation year	Recommendation
United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) (2016)	“The decision to start screening mammography in women prior to age 50 years should be an individual one. Women who place a higher value on the potential benefit than the potential harms may choose to begin biennial screening between the ages of 40 and 49 years”
American Cancer Society (2015)	“Women aged 40 to 44 years should have the choice to start annual breast cancer screening with mammograms if they wish to do so. The risks of screening as well as the potential benefits should be considered. Women aged 45 to 49 years should get mammograms every year”
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2011)	“Screening with mammography and clinical breast exams annually”
International Agency for Research on Cancer (2015)	“Insufficient evidence to recommend for or against screening”

^aReproduced from the Table of Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines for Women generated by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

ISSN: 1478-4505