Table 10 Human resources for public involvement

Human resource needs

∙ Information and training to equip researchers and publics

 ◦ Communication skills, partnership working [52, 63, 67]

 ◦ Conduct and organisation of research, specific research tasks (e.g. priority-setting, ethics review) [4, 46, 47, 57,58,59, 64]

 ◦ Availability of resources, content of resources, guidance for research organisations on incorporating training into organisation-wide initiatives [41, 43, 47, 56]

∙ Sustained support to empower publics to contribute substantively

 ◦ Induction and training programmes, mentorship and feedback schemes, with dedicated staff time and space [54, 55, 59, 62, 68]

 ◦ Especially important for ‘deep inclusion’ [60]

∙ Organisational effort to encourage researchers to engage in partnerships with publics

 ◦ Education: recruit students from marginalised and ‘studied’ communities [46], teach principles and practice of community-based participatory research [51]

 ◦ Mentorship, supportive networks and the need for critical mass [44, 61, 65, 69]

 ◦ Recognise and value research involving publics: performance reviews and promotions criteria [44, 46, 61, 63, 65]