The impact of National Health Insurance upon accessibility of health services and financial protection from catastrophic health expenditure: a case study of Savannakhet province, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic

Table 4 Probability of hospitalisation under Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI) and National Health Insurance (NHI) schemes

Independent variable (Andersen’s Behavioral Model)	Binary logistic regression model 1: Probability of hospitalisation
	CBHI								NHI
	2013 (controlling insurance status)		2013		2016 (controlling insurance status)		2016		2018
	Nagelkerke R² 0.076		Nagelkerke R² 0.069		Nagelkerke R² 0.097		Nagelkerke R² 0.076		Nagelkerke R² 0.248
	OR	P value	OR	P value	OR	P value	OR	P value	OR	P value
Predisposing factors
Gender
Male
Female	1.472	0.200	1.451	0.151	0.698	0.157	0.712	0.160	0.882	0.815
Age
18–35
36–49	0.660	0.312	0.674	0.345	0.887	0.681	0.965	0.798	1.524	0.357
50 or above	0.835	0.673	0.800	0.712	0.797	0.485	0.900	0.598	2	0.648
Marital status
Single
Married	0.913	0.863	0.901	0.821	1.260	0.348	1.430	0.569	3.610	0.050*
Educational status
Never attended school
Primary school	0.643	0.310	0.679	0.387	0.707	0.258	0.876	0.468	1.371	0.150
Lower secondary school or higher	1.181	0.705	1.235	0.754	0.993	0.983	1.076	0.900	3.205	0.188
Size of household
Small (1–4 people)
Large (more than 5 people)	0.907	0.761	0.902	0.752	1.283	0.324	1.376	0.453	5.128	0.02*
Enabling factors
Income level
Less than 1 million LAK (US$120)
1 million (US$120) to 2.5 million LAK (US$300)	0.612	0.150	0.643	0.170	0.664	0.194	0.743	0.348	0.516	0.037*
2.5 million LAK (US$300) or more	0.483	0.088	0.421	0.076	1.065	0.834	1.327	0.898	0.135	0.08
Insurance status
No – Uninsured
Yes – Insured	1.455	0.231			1.803	0.021*
Need factors
Chronic condition
No
Yes	1.786	0.057*	1.796	0.065	2.326	0.003*	2.459	0.005*	0.960	0.935

ISSN: 1478-4505