A review of reviews on principles, strategies, outcomes and impacts of research partnerships approaches: a first step in synthesising the research partnership literature

Table 3 Stakeholder engagement in the different phases of the research process based on data from 18 reviews

First author	Planning phase		Conducting phase		Dissemination phase	Number of included studies (denominator)	Lack of reporting^a
First author	Identifying research questions	Developing study protocol	Data collection	Data analysis and/or interpretation	Dissemination of research findings	Number of included studies (denominator)	Lack of reporting^a
Brear [59]	62%	45%	76%	70%	32%	66	yes
Camden [1]	53%	N.R.	74%	58%	58%	19	yes
Concannan [61]	34%	44%	36%	N.R.	9%	95	yes
Dawson [84]	2%	71%	44%	27%	24%	41	yes
De Las Nueces [62]	63%	74%	63%	58%	47%	19	yes
DiLorito [86]	15%	31%	69%	54%	N.R.	13	no
Forsythe [34]	54%	43%	17%	N.R.	31%	35	yes
Frankena [65]	42%	65%	N.R.	38%	58%	26	yes
Gagliardi [66]	77%	77%	15%	38%	54%	13	yes
Jacquez [88]	77%	84%	84%	54%	52%	56	no
Ragavan [89]	60%	N.R.	N.R.	50%	N.R.	20	yes
Salimi [47]	38%	38%	25%	25%	25%	8	no
Shen [73]	40%	90%	50%	60%	50%	10	yes
Shippee [100]	77%	14%	3%	6%	6%	202	yes
Snijder [49]	32%	42%	55%	N.R.	N.R.	31	yes
Tricco [76]	40%	49%	52%	71%	44%	73	yes
Vaughn [54]	N.R.	80%	76%	75%	N.R.	83	yes
Vishwanathan [92]	47%	47%	83%	65%	68%	60	yes
Total	423/787, ~54%	393/831, ~47%	374/824, ~45%	299/709, ~42%	214/723, ~30%	870	15/18, 83% yes

Notes: The selected reviews (18 out of 86 reviews) were included in this sub-analyses if the review included information on the engagement of stakeholders in at least two different research phases. Full references of the reviews are included in the supplementary file. The percentages in the table indicate the percentage of included studies that reported on the engagement of stakeholders in that specific phase of the research project. The denominator is different for each review as they represent the number of included studies in the concerning review. As we did not check for overlap in the primary studies included in this sub-set of reviews, the total percentages should be interpreted with caution. The total percentages are, therefore, shown as approximates (~). The table on OSF includes details on the analysis
N.R. Not reported
^aYes indicates that the authors of the review mentioned that there was lack of reporting on how and/or when stakeholders were engaged in the different phases of the research process. No indicates that the authors did not include a statement related to reporting on how and/or when stakeholders are engaged in the different phases of the research process

ISSN: 1478-4505