Table 3 Interventions identified through scoping review for increasing motivation to support EIHP

Pushing

Performance evaluation of academic members

1. Designing a new career development path for academic members involved in health systems research

[45, 46]

2. Encouraging the KT activities in forms other than publications

[46]

3. Revising the performance evaluation criteria of academic members with an emphasis on measuring the impact research on health policy, system, and outcomes

[43, 46, 48]

Performance evaluation of research institutions and journals

4. Designing metrics to measure research impact on policies or health to evaluate the performance of research institutes and periodicals

[45]

5. Revising the current policies of scientific journals to support health systems research

[45]

Pulling

Individual level

6. Job rotation of employee in research institutes

[46]

7. Using incentives such as sabbaticals or reward for users of evidence

[22]

8. Putting the measurement of the use of evidence and having the skill of using the evidence in the criteria of employment, retention, performance evaluation and promotion of employees, managers, and organizations

[46, 47]

Organizational level

9. Using the research memorandums in which personal interactions were classified as informal linkages; which personal interactions were classified as informal linkages

[46]

10. Organizational support (regulation and supportive culture) for using evidence

[22, 47, 48]

11. Establishing a space for participatory approaches between policy-makers and researchers

[22]

Exchanging

12. Adopting new financial support mechanisms for health systems research and KT activities

[43, 45]

13. Considering strong incentives to hold dialogues between policy-makers and researchers

[44, 48]

14. Conducting training courses on KT and encouraging individuals to participate in them

[48]

15. Required to have a KT plan in research proposals during the submission process

[45]

16. Proposing performance-based grants

[44, 50]