Table 6 Log-linear trend regression of fiscal space indicators (independent variable: time)
From: Exploring the possible sources of fiscal space for health in India: insights from political regimes
| Dependent variables | Mean of the base category | Differential mean parameters | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| \({\beta }_{1}\) = NDA1 | \({\beta }_{2}\) = UPA1 | \({\beta }_{3}\) = UPA2 | \({\beta }_{3}\) = NDA2 | R-squared | |
| Real GDP |
15.30*** (−0.043) |
0.358*** (−0.064) |
0.678*** (−0.064) |
1.055*** (−0.058) | 0.948 |
| Central tax revenue |
11.85*** (−0.089) |
0.870*** (−0.133) |
1.510*** (−0.133) |
2.107*** (−0.122) | 0.944 |
| Central nontax revenue |
11*** (−0.14) |
0.2 (−0.207 |
1*** (−0.207) |
1.286*** (−0.191) | 0.758 |
| State tax revenue |
11.67*** (−0.098) |
0.747*** (−0.145) |
1.522*** (−0.145) |
2.222*** (−0.134) | 0.941 |
| State nontax revenue |
10.34*** (−0.085) |
0.686*** (−0.127) |
1.216*** (−0.127) |
1.819*** (−0.117) | 0.932 |
| Grants from the centre |
10.52*** (−0.116) |
0.883*** (−0.173) |
1.570*** (−0.173) |
2.481*** (−0.159) | 0.932 |
| Share in central tax |
10.84*** (−0.109) |
0.829*** (−0.161 |
1.565*** (−0.161) |
2.461*** (−0.148) | 0.94 |
| Developmental expenditure |
12.67*** (−0.096) |
0.666*** (−0.142) |
1.478*** (−0.142) |
2.144*** (−0.131) | 0.94 |
| Non-developmental expenditure |
12.58*** (−0.082) |
0.566*** (−0.123) |
1.206*** (−0.123) |
1.856*** (−0.113) | 0.94 |
| Public health expenditure |
9.921*** (−0.086) |
0.442*** (−0.128) |
1.140*** (−0.128) |
2.084*** (−0.118) | 0.949 |
| Subsidies |
10.35*** (−0.14) |
0.730*** (−0.208) |
1.874*** (−0.208) |
2.194*** (−0.191) | 0.894 |
| Defence expenditure |
10.83*** (−0.063) |
0.559*** (−0.094) |
1.205*** (−0.094) |
1.680*** (−0.0863) | 0.957 |
| Administrative services |
10.12*** (−0.087) |
0.460*** (−0.13) |
1.230*** (−0.13) |
1.910*** (−0.119) | 0.939 |
| Pension services |
10.28*** (−0.106) |
0.633*** (−0.157) |
1.476*** (−0.157) |
2.261*** (−0.144) | 0.936 |
| Interest payments |
11.53*** (−0.078) |
0.408*** (−0.116) |
0.999*** (−0.116) |
1.645*** (−0.106) | 0.934 |
| Gross fiscal deficit |
12.23*** (−0.088) |
0.235* (−0.131) |
1.154*** (−0.131) |
1.677*** (−0.12) | 0.928 |
| External debt |
12.15*** (−0.058) |
0.108 (−0.086) |
0.490*** (−0.086) |
0.915*** (−0.079) | 0.894 |
| Domestic debt |
14.24*** (−0.095) |
0.690*** (−0.142) |
1.292*** (−0.142) |
2.012*** (−0.131) | 0.931 |