Table 4 Data sources and analysis used to assess each of the four strategies
Strategy | Data source | Data analysed |
|---|---|---|
Strategy 1: Simple and adaptable intervention | Routine facility data from 59 health facility learning sites in Pakistan, 18 in Nepal and 15 in Bangladesh | Proportion of drug-sensitive TB patients asked and advised about tobacco |
Interviews with TB health workers, managers, policy-makers (Bangladesh n = 12; Nepal n = 13; Pakistan n = 19) | Interview transcripts coded according to CFIR constructs and aligned to ExpandNet steps | |
Researcher observations in 10 facilities in Pakistan, 18 in Nepal, 15 in Bangladesh | Facility observation reports to understand extent and nature of implementation | |
Strategy 2: Integration of cessation within routine training | Pre- and post-training questionnaires of TB health workers (169) | Significant changes in confidence to offer cessation support between pre- and post-training questionnaires |
Training observation reports | Number of trainers trained Any subsequent training provided to TB health workers in the learning sites or beyond | |
Strategy 3: Including tobacco use in recording, monitoring and supervision | Routine facility data from 59 health facility learning sites and observation of 10 in Pakistan. Routine data and observations from 18 facilities in Nepal and 15 in Bangladesh | Proportion of tobacco status, and advised columns completed appropriately |
Interviews with TB health workers, managers, policy-makers (Bangladesh n = 12; Nepal n = 13; Pakistan n = 19) | Interview transcripts coded according to CFIR constructs and aligned to ExpandNet steps | |
Strategy 4: Embedding research within the TB programmes | Cost data: salaries, fees, time taken in intervention activities, printing and disseminating materials; number of intervention sessions delivered | Activity-based cost analysis |
Interviews with TB health workers, managers and policy-makers (Bangladesh n = 12; Nepal n = 13; Pakistan n = 19) | Interview transcripts coded according to CFIR constructs and aligned to ExpandNet steps | |
Reflections of the research team | Research team reflections aligned to ExpandNet steps |