Table 3 Key partnership approaches and partnership terms (n=166)

Community-based participatory research (CBPR)

47

• Community-based participatory research (CBPR)

• Coalition, community coalitions, community-based coalition, coalition community intervention, alliance, community capacity, networks of partners, prevention initiative, substance abuse prevention coalitions, partnership, physical activity coalition, collaborative, collaboration, collaborative network, community engagement, stakeholder engagement

16

3

• Organizational-based participatory research (OBPR), organizational collaboration

Partnership

32

• Partnership, public–private partnership, community health partnership, health partnership, health promotion partnership, community/community-based partnership, collaborative research partnership, intersectoral partnership, multistakeholder partnership, global health research partnership, research partnership, patient partners, social capital

• Community–academic or academic–community partnership, academic–public health agency partnership, community–university research partnership, researcher–community partnership, community–researcher partnership, academic–practice partnerships, academic–practitioner collaboration, researcher–stakeholder partnerships

• Partnership, community health partnerships; community partnership, local health partnership; community partnership for health, community-based partnership, community care network, community-based alliances, public private partnerships, coalition, health promotion partnership, community coalition, community health improvement interventions, clinic–community partnership, intersectoral action, intersectoral partnership, healthcare organization–research partnership, healthcare partnership, organization–university-based research partnership, patient engagement, patient partners, engaged research partners, patient advisory council, advisory committee–stakeholder collaboration, stakeholder engagement

• Community–academic partnership, community partnership, partnership scheme; health and social partnership schemes, academic–agency partnership, community–university research partnership, academic–community collaboration, community engagement, collaborative research partnership, collaboration, impact partnership, multidisciplinary community–university research partnerships, community–researcher collaborations, academic practice partnership; academic service partnership, global health research partnership, research partnership, collaborations for leadership in applied health research and care, research team–stakeholder partnership

45

Patient and public involvement, patient involvement (PPI, PI)

26

• Patient and public involvement, patient involvement, public involvement

• Patient-powered research network (PPRN), patient-centred outcomes research (PCOR), patient governance, patient-centred research

• PPI, engagement, involvement, patient/public/participant involvement, patient research partner involvement, young people with a chronic condition (YPCC) involvement, patient working group (PWG), patient engagement, engagement in research, community engagement, patient-centred health research; collaboration, patient and public involvement initiatives, co-working; public advisory group, PPI strategy, co-design, patient participation, health services research, participatory research, research partnership, translational and lab-based research, participatory research design, participatory research team

24

Coalition

22

• Coalition, community coalition, prevention and health promotion coalition, community-based health promotion coalition, health promotion coalition, community health coalition, community-based coalition, substance abuse prevention coalitions, ecological approach

• CBPR, CBPR partnership, CBPR-guided academic-community partnership, community-based participatory partnership, research partnership, coalition, community coalition, steering committees, networks of partners, prevention initiative, partnerships for quality, participatory research, partnership, collaboration, collaborative, collaborative partnership, collaborative effort, collaborative network, participatory research, community health partnerships, outreach, community partnership, collaborative research partnership, impact partnership, community capacity, community networks, occupational health partnerships, capacity building coalition, technical assistance, community advisory board

• Multidisciplinary community–university research partnerships, community–academic–government partnership, community institutional relations, community–academic partnership, community–academic research partnership, researcher–community partnership, health research partnership, partnership engagement, transdisciplinary collaborative centres, transdisciplinary collaborations, patient engagement, stakeholder engagement, community engagement and research, stakeholder-engaged research, community engaged research process, academic–community collaboration, academic and community partners, community engagement, multinational partnership, collaborative KE workshop, stakeholder engagement

50

Participatory research

13

2

2

• Participatory research, action research (AR), participatory action research (PAR), participatory action, community-based participatory action research (CBPAR), participatory research design, patient engagement in participatory research

• Collaborative or participatory evaluation

• Coordinated action, collective action

• Participatory research, participatory action research, participatory research team, community-based participatory research, action research partnership, collaborative partnership, partnership, healthcare organization–research partnership, multi-stakeholder partnership, healthcare organisation–university-based research partnership, research partnership, community partnership, participatory intervention, participatory programmes, patient and other stakeholder engagement or involvement; engagement; innovation teams, collaboration, both-way learning (reciprocal knowledge co-creation), PPI, participatory research design, co-design, participant involvement, stakeholder engagement

• Action research, collaboration, evaluation, community health promotion, partnership, intersectoral action

30

Patient/patient and public engagement (PE, PPE)

13

• Patient engagement, patient and public engagement, public engagement, engagement in health research

• PAG-investigator partnership; patient engagement, research practice collaborative, partnership, community engagement, patient involvement, young people’s advisory group (YPAG), partners, patient partners, patient advisory councils, public and patient engagement, research partnership, patient and family caregiver engagement in research, patient input, patient experience, stakeholder engagement

16

Community engaged research (CEnR or CER)

10

• Community engaged research

• Coalition, community health coalition, partnership, collaborative research partnership, community partnership, impact partnership, multidisciplinary community–university research partnerships, community–academic partnership, academic-community collaboration, research partnership, community/stakeholder engagement

11

Consumer involvement in research

9

• Consumer involvement, consumer involvement in research, user involvement in research, service user involvement, service user research, consumer and community participation, user-led research, consumer-led research, service user-led research

• Consumer involvement in research, evaluation, user involvement in research, service user involvement, consumer and community reference group, partners, service user leadership, service user research, user led research, co-production

10

Community engagement (CE)

8

• Community empowerment, community participation in research, stakeholder engagement, stakeholder engaged research

• Collaboration, partnership, public involvement, co-working, public advisory group, stakeholder participation, patient–provider partnership, community/patient/stakeholder engagement, community–academic partnership, community engagement and research, stakeholder-engaged research, advisory committee–study stakeholder collaboration, research collaboration, research team–stakeholder partnerships

14

Co-research

8

• Co-research, patient co-research, co-working, knowledge co-production, research co-production, co-produced research, co-production, pediatric co-research, participatory theme elicitation

• PPI, engagement, involvement, patient coinvestigator, healthcare organization–research partnership, partnership, healthcare organisation–university-based research partnership, young people’s advisory group (YPAG), PPI strategy, co-design, co-research, collaboration, patient involvement

13

Integrated knowledge translation (IKT)

7

• Integrated knowledge translation, knowledge transfer and exchange

• Collaborations; partnerships; engagement between researchers and research users, IKT, partnership between knowledge users and researchers, IKT partnership, research partnership, advisory council, family engagement, researcher–clinician partnership, engagement, knowledge user engagement, partnership

13

Other approaches

2

1

1

• Participatory implementation, embedded implementation research

• Practice-based research network (PBRN)

• Inclusive research

• Partnership, co-production, embedded research

• Practice-based network

4