Table 2 Implementation considerations for different KM tools and mechanisms
Facilitators/benefits | Major challenges/barriers | |
|---|---|---|
Knowledge generation | - Data availability [16, 18, 19] - Data completeness [16, 18, 19] - Up-to-date data [16, 18, 19] - Standardization and regularity of data collection and reporting mechanisms [16, 18, 19, 26] - Policy relevance [19] - Training [26] | - Missing data [16] |
Knowledge storage | - Use of computerization [28] - Use of standard terminology - Better design of reporting systems [39] - Standardization and harmonization of data collected [39, 151] - Re-evaluation of the case definition [39] - Data completeness and accuracy [44] - Clear methodology for the development of a registry [34] - Availability of a central contact point [32] - Ability to share data with regulatory authorities [32] - Linkages to external databases [151] - Access to and ownership of original data [62] - Training of personnel and users [32] - Confidentiality of data [62] - Interactions with variety of stakeholders [62] - Political buy-in [32] | - Lack of mandatory notification requirement [39] - Lack of standardized definition for the disease [39] - Limited staff training [62] - Poor data quality [44] |
Knowledge processing | - Applicability of the evidence to the context [77, 78] - Length and language of the summary [77, 78] - Standardized approach [72, 73] - Team with complementary skills and expertise [72, 73] - Expertise of external partners [72, 73] - Institutionalizing the use in decision-making [82] | - Difficulties of the statistical and scientific terms [77, 78] |
Knowledge transfer | - Ensuring regularity of dialogues [103, 104] - Follow up with stakeholders afterwards [103, 104] - Applicability of evidence [114] - Availability of relevant data and research [114] - Improved dissemination and access to research [114, 130] - Administrative support [114] - Training of personnel [114] - Research co-production [114, 130] - Joint knowledge agenda [131] - Research-led by people embedded in the contexts in which the results can be used [114, 130] | - Lack of funding and limited resources [114, 115] - Lack of priority on the policy agenda [114, 115] - Limited availability of data [152] - Uncertainty about potential data sources [152] - Lack of skilled policymakers [114] - Insufficient institutional research capacity [114] - Opposing interests [115] |