Table 1 Expected outcomes identified in the documents categorised based on determinants of health

Social (e.g., family situation, early childhood, housing, working conditions, social support and participation)

• Improving social outcomes

[68, 70, 71, 75, 76, 86]

• Building healthy family environments

[69,70,71,72]

• Fostering healthy child development (e.g. general wellbeing and family violence prevention)

[68,69,70,71,72]

• Building social capital, community capacity and connections

[60, 69, 73, 86]

• Increasing collaboration and trusting relationships between stakeholders

[83, 86]

• Improving networks for jobseekers

[84]

Economic (e.g., education, employment, occupation, and income)

• Improving economic outcomes

[68, 75, 76, 79, 80, 82, 83]

• Supporting education and learning for children and/or young people

[69,70,71, 80, 82]

• Reducing poverty

[69, 70]

• Creating business and employment opportunities

[71, 75, 80, 82,83,84]

Environmental, that is, natural (e.g. climate change) and built environment (e.g. urban design and transport)

• Improving environmental outcomes

[76]

• Reducing risks from natural disasters

[81]

• Driving regional and urban development

[83]

Structural (e.g. health care costs, service provision, systemic attitudes and practices, health literacy)

• Achieving ‘systemic change’ through ‘system-level reforms’

[70, 82, 86, 94]

• Improving coordination, integration, accessibility, and relevance of services (e.g. primary health, allied health, social services…)

[68,69,70,71, 73, 75, 76, 82, 84]

• Investing in early intervention and prevention

[60, 69, 70, 75]

• Improving public service practices

[76, 78]

Cultural (e.g., connection to country and self-determination and leadership)

• Empowering and/or engaging ‘people on the ground’

[59, 60, 73, 75, 82, 86]

• Increasing engagement and participation of Aboriginal and Torress Strait Islander people

[68, 71, 72, 75, 82]

Digital (e.g., telehealth, data, and digital platforms)

• Establishing digital platform to inform evidence-based service delivery

[69]

• Improving access to and sharing of data

[73]

Commercial (e.g., corporate activities, supply chains)

• Driving innovation

[83]