Table 1 Summary of the factors that influence cervical cancer screening programme implementation based on findings synthesized from quantitative studies, 2022

Individual-level factors

 Age (≥ 30 years)

12

1

12

1

13

Facilitator

 Educational status (≥ primary)

9

–

9

9

Facilitator

 Income

7

–

8

3

10

Facilitator

 Occupation (government

2

–

2

–

2

Facilitator

 Employment (yes)

1

–

1

–

-

Facilitator

 Residence (urban)

3

1

2

1

4

Facilitator

 Religion (Christian)

1

1

1

Limited evidence

 Knowledge (good)

13

2

13

1

26

Facilitator

 Perceived susceptibility

8

2

8

1

10

Facilitator

 Perceived fear ( test result, pain, removing womb

1

–

–

1

1

Limited evidence

 Attitude (positive)

3

–

3

–

3

Facilitator

 History of illness (family)

4

–

4

–

4

Facilitator

 History of visiting health facility

1

–

1

–

–

Limited evidence

Interpersonal level factors

 Partners refusal (disapproval)

–

2

-

2

2

Barrier

 Family size

1

–

1

–

1

Limited evidence

 Peer attitude (positive subjective norm)

2

–

2

–

2

Facilitator

Organizational-level factors

 Provider recommendation

4

-

3

1

4

Facilitator

 Provider knowledge

1

1

1

1

2

Limited evidence

 Attitude of provider

1

2

1

2

3

Barriers

 Source of information (provider)

2

–

2

-

2

Facilitator

 Sex (male)

–

3

–

3

3

Barrier

 Type of profession (physician)

–

1

–

1

1

Limited evidence

 Facility working

1

1

1

1

2

Limited evidence

Community-level factors

 Social stigmatization

–

1

–

1

1

Limited evidence

 Social values and beliefs

–

2

–

2

2

Barriers

Health system and policy-level factors

 Inaccessibility to healthcare services

–

4

–

4

4

Barrier

 Cost of CC screening services

1

1

2

3

Barrier

 Financial incentive (free treatment)

2

–

2

1

2

Facilitator

 Health education programme

4

1

4

1

5

Facilitator

 Long queues

–

1

–

1

1

Limited evidence

 Long distance from healthcare facility

3

–

3

-

3

Barrier

 Having health insurance coverage

4

–

4

–

4

Barrier

 Satisfaction with screening services

1

1

1

1

1

Inconclusive

 Quality of screening services

1

–

–

1

1

Limited evidence

 Lack of national cancer prevention policies

–

1

-

1

1

Limited evidence

 Healthcare involvement as bad

1

–

–

1

1

Limited evidence