Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of all, uninfected, infected but not utilizing health services, infected and utilizing health services participants

n

53 924

8932

31 405

13 587

Age [years, n(%)]

 18–30

8213 (15.2)

1091 (12.2)

5149 (16.4)

1973 (14.5)

 31–45

21 754 (40.3)

2658 (29.8)

13 950 (44.4)

5146 (37.9)

 46–60

16 052 (29.8)

3075 (34.4)

8741 (27.8)

4236 (31.2)

 Older than 60

7905 (14.7)

2108 (23.6)

3565 (11.4)

2232 (16.4)

Gender [n(%)]

 Female

34 344 (63.7)

5151 (57.7)

20 307 (64.7)

8886 (65.4)

 Male

19 580 (36.3)

3781 (42.3)

11 098 (35.3)

4701 (34.6)

Marital status [n(%)]

 Married

45 742 (84.8)

7425 (83.1)

26 669 (84.9)

11 648 (85.7)

 Not married

8182 (15.2)

1507 (16.9)

4736 (15.1)

1939 (14.3)

Household size [n(%)]

 Living alone

2585 (4.8)

689 (7.7)

1356 (4.3)

540 (4.0)

 Not living alone

51 339 (95.2)

8243 (92.3)

30 049 (95.7)

13 047 (96.0)

Occupation type [n(%)]

 Healthcare workers

7110 (13.2)

723 (8.1)

4115 (13.1)

2272 (16.7)

 Non-healthcare workers

46 814 (86.8)

8209 (91.9)

27 290 (86.9)

11 315 (83.3)

Medical insurance [n(%)]

 Urban employee basic medical insurance

40 098 (74.4)

5756 (64.4)

23 963 (76.3)

10 379 (76.4)

 Urban and rural residents basic medical insurance

8455 (15.7)

2006 (22.5)

4507 (14.4)

1942 (14.3)

 Free medical care

2558 (4.7)

525 (5.9)

1398 (4.5)

635 (4.7)

 Medical out of pocket

2813 (5.2)

645 (7.2)

1537 (4.9)

631 (4.6)

Education [n(%)]

 Junior high school degree and below

10 443 (19.4)

2464 (27.6)

5445 (17.3)

2534 (18.7)

 High school degree

11 654 (21.6)

2348 (26.3)

6417 (20.4)

2889 (21.3)

 College and above

31 827 (59.0)

4120 (46.1)

19 543 (62.2)

8164 (60.1)

Relative income status [n(%)]

 Poor

11 599 (21.5)

1963 (22.0)

6813 (21.7)

2823 (20.8)

 Average

41 112 (76.2)

6758 (75.7)

23 948 (76.3)

10 406 (76.6)

 Rich

1213 (2.2)

211 (2.4)

644 (2.1)

358 (2.6)

Smoking [n(%)]

 Yes

10 292 (19.1)

2231 (25.0)

5907 (18.8)

2154 (15.9)

 No

43 632 (80.9)

6701 (75.0)

25 498 (81.2)

11 433 (84.1)

Alcohol consumption [n(%)]

 Yes

22 483 (41.7)

3711 (41.5)

13 274 (42.3)

5498 (40.5)

 No

31 441 (58.3)

5221 (58.5)

18 131 (57.7)

8089 (59.5)

Exercise habit [n(%)]

 Yes

37 855 (70.2)

6835 (76.5)

21 204 (67.5)

9816 (72.2)

 No

16 069 (29.8)

2097 (23.5)

10 201 (32.5)

3771 (27.8)

Sleep quality [n(%)]

 Very poor

2583 (4.8)

352 (3.9)

1394 (4.4)

837 (6.2)

 Poor

6396 (11.9)

821 (9.2)

3638 (11.6)

1937 (14.3)

 Fair

29 768 (55.2)

4796 (53.7)

17 369 (55.3)

7603 (56.0)

 Good

12 272 (22.8)

2311 (25.9)

7337 (23.4)

2624 (19.3)

 Very good

2905 (5.4)

652 (7.3)

1667 (5.3)

586 (4.3)

Underlying disease [n(%)]

 Yes

19 096 (35.4)

3685 (41.3)

9667 (30.8)

5744 (42.3)

 No

34 828 (64.6)

5238 (58.7)

21 738 (69.2)

7843 (57.7)

Distance to the nearest medical facility [n(%)]

 Less than 1 km

17 591 (32.6)

3039 (34.0)

10 046 (32.0)

4506 (33.2)

 1–3 km

23 286 (43.2)

3755 (42.0)

13 746 (43.8)

5785 (42.6)

 3 km and further

13 047 (24.2)

2138 (23.9)

7613(24.2)

3296 (24.3)

Service utilization affected by COVID-19 [n(%)]

 Yes

19 462 (36.1)

2899 (32.5)

9551 (30.4)

7012 (51.6)

 No

34 462(63.9)

6033(67.5)

21 854(69.6)

6575(48.4)

Depressive symptoms [mean (SD)]

6.01 (6.43)

4.76 (6.24)

5.67 (6.17)

7.63 (6.84)